本文選題：冬小麥 + 不同生育期��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：干旱脅迫發(fā)生頻率、強(qiáng)度逐漸增大,嚴(yán)重影響了小麥產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的形成。本研究擬探明冬小麥在不同生育時(shí)期干旱脅迫下品質(zhì)的變化特征及氮肥調(diào)控效應(yīng),以期為冬小麥抗旱調(diào)優(yōu)栽培提供理論依據(jù)。本研究采用盆栽試驗(yàn)以揚(yáng)麥16(中筋)和揚(yáng)麥13(弱筋)為材料,在分蘗期、拔節(jié)期和灌漿期進(jìn)行不同程度干旱處理,研究了不同生育時(shí)期干旱脅迫對(duì)冬小麥品質(zhì)的影響,同時(shí)針對(duì)分蘗期、拔節(jié)期干旱脅迫處理在孕穗期增施氮肥研究氮肥對(duì)干旱脅迫逆境下小麥品質(zhì)的調(diào)控效應(yīng),主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.分蘗期輕度干旱可提高弱筋小麥的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。分蘗期輕度干旱脅迫可以提高籽粒淀粉、支鏈淀粉含量;但會(huì)降低蛋白質(zhì)、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白含量、干濕面筋及GMP含量。拔節(jié)期輕度干旱脅迫對(duì)淀粉含量和淀粉直/支比無顯著影響,但降低了蛋白質(zhì)、谷蛋白含量。重度干旱脅迫及灌漿期干旱脅迫均顯著降低了籽粒產(chǎn)量。不同干旱脅迫處理淀粉粒度分布表現(xiàn)出品種差異,揚(yáng)麥13中分蘗期干旱脅迫提高淀粉粒的平均粒徑,拔節(jié)期干旱脅迫提高A-型淀粉粒體積百分比及平均粒徑,灌漿期干旱提高A-型淀粉粒體積百分比及平均粒徑,但降低B-、C-型體積百分比。揚(yáng)麥16中灌漿期干旱提高了 A-型體積百分比,對(duì)其他淀粉粒度指標(biāo)無影響。最終影響面粉的加工品質(zhì)。2.花前干旱鍛煉處理可以緩解籽粒淀粉、支鏈淀粉含量及籽粒GMP含量的降低,但蛋白質(zhì)、干濕面筋含量降低,蛋白含量的降低主要與醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白的降低有關(guān)。對(duì)加工品質(zhì)的影響兩品種表現(xiàn)不同,揚(yáng)麥13干旱鍛煉處理糊化時(shí)間略有提高而糊化溫度略有降低,對(duì)揚(yáng)麥16的淀粉糊化特性指標(biāo)無影響。干旱鍛煉處理對(duì)淀粉粒度分布特征兩品種表現(xiàn)不一致,對(duì)于揚(yáng)麥13,干旱鍛煉處理降低了 A-型淀粉粒體積百分比,降低A-、B-類型淀粉粒平均粒徑,對(duì)于揚(yáng)麥16無明顯差異。3.干旱脅迫后增施氮肥降低籽粒淀粉含量、直鏈淀粉含量與直/支比,但提高了蛋白質(zhì)、谷蛋白、干濕面筋含量及沉降值。拔節(jié)期干旱脅迫后增施氮肥處理增加了谷蛋白含量,并提高谷/醇比。干旱脅迫后增施氮肥對(duì)兩品種的淀粉粒粒度分布影響不同,表現(xiàn)出品種差異。揚(yáng)麥13增施氮肥提高了 A-型淀粉了體積百分比和C-型淀粉粒的平均粒徑,降低了第一峰值,提高了第二峰值。揚(yáng)麥16增施氮肥降低了第一峰值。綜上,分蘗期輕度干旱脅迫有利于弱筋小麥(揚(yáng)麥13)的高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)栽培,花前干旱鍛煉可以緩解灌漿期干旱引起的品質(zhì)的降低,增施氮肥可以緩解分蘗期、拔節(jié)期干旱導(dǎo)致的品質(zhì)的降低,分蘗期、拔節(jié)期輕度干旱脅迫并在孕穗期增施氮肥有利于中筋小麥(揚(yáng)麥16)的優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)栽培。
[Abstract]:The frequency and intensity of drought stress gradually increased, which seriously affected the formation of wheat yield and quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of winter wheat quality changes and the effects of nitrogen fertilizer regulation under drought stress at different growth stages in order to provide theoretical basis for drought resistance and optimum cultivation of winter wheat. Using Yangmai 16 (medium gluten) and Yangmai 13 (weak gluten) as materials, the effects of drought stress on the quality of winter wheat at tillering stage, jointing stage and grain filling stage were studied. At the same time, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat quality under drought stress at tillering stage and jointing stage in booting stage were studied. The main results were as follows: 1. Mild drought at tillering stage could increase the yield and quality of weak gluten wheat. Mild drought stress at tillering stage could increase starch and amylopectin content, but decrease protein, gliadin, glutenin content, dry and wet gluten content and GMP content. Mild drought stress at jointing stage had no significant effect on starch content and amyloid / branch ratio, but decreased protein and glutenin content. Severe drought stress and drought stress at filling stage significantly reduced grain yield. The grain size distribution of starch in different drought stress treatments showed different varieties. In Yangmai 13 medium tillering stage, drought stress increased the average diameter of starch grains, and drought stress at jointing stage increased the volume percentage and mean diameter of A- type starch grains. During filling stage, the volume percentage and average diameter of A- type starch grain were increased by drought, but the percentage of B-C- type starch grain volume was decreased. In Yangmai 16, the percentage of A- type volume was increased by drought during filling stage, but no effect on other starch granularity indexes was observed. The final effect of flour processing quality. 2. The decrease of starch, amylopectin content and grain GMP content was alleviated by drought treatment before anthesis, but the content of protein, dry and wet gluten decreased, and the decrease of protein content was mainly related to the decrease of gliadin and glutenin. The effects on processing quality of the two varieties were different. The gelatinization time of Yangmai 13 was slightly increased and the gelatinization temperature was slightly decreased, but it had no effect on the starch gelatinization characteristics of Yangmai 16. For Yangmai 13, drought treatment decreased the A- type starch grain volume percentage, and reduced the average size of A-Pb-type starch grains, but there was no significant difference for Yangmai 16. After drought stress, the content of amylose and amylose decreased, but increased protein, glutenin, dry and wet gluten content and sedimentation value. After drought stress at jointing stage, the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the glutenin content and the ratio of grain to alcohol. After drought stress, the effect of increasing nitrogen fertilizer on the grain size distribution of starch grains of the two varieties was different, showing the variety difference. Adding nitrogen fertilizer to Yangmai 13 increased the volume percentage of A- type starch and the average particle size of C- type starch grain, decreased the first peak value and increased the second peak value. The first peak value of Yangmai 16 was decreased by increasing nitrogen fertilizer. In conclusion, mild drought stress at tillering stage was beneficial to high yield and good quality cultivation of weak gluten wheat (Yangmai 13), drought exercise before anthesis could alleviate the decrease of quality caused by drought at filling stage, and increasing nitrogen fertilizer could alleviate tillering stage. The decrease of quality caused by drought at jointing stage, the slight drought stress at tillering stage and jointing stage and the application of nitrogen fertilizer at booting stage were beneficial to the cultivation of high yield and good quality of middle gluten wheat (Yangmai 16).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S512.11;S423

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