發(fā)布時間：2018-04-30 16:57

  本文選題：生態(tài)化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué) + 黃泥田��； 參考：《土壤通報(bào)》2017年01期

【摘要】：為闡明不同施肥模式下南方黃泥田土壤-水稻碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生態(tài)化學(xué)計(jì)量特征,探討C、N、P計(jì)量比對水稻N、P養(yǎng)分供應(yīng)狀況的指示意義,基于黃泥田長期施肥28年后的4個年份收獲期數(shù)據(jù),研究了不施肥(CK)、單施化肥(NPK)、化肥+牛糞(NPKM)與化肥+全部稻草還田(NPKS)處理收獲物水稻植株和土壤有機(jī)C、全N、全P含量及其生態(tài)化學(xué)比值。結(jié)果表明:1)與CK相比,長期不同施肥土壤有機(jī)C、全N、全P含量分別增幅11.3%~39.1%、19.3%~43.1%、34.5%~69.0%,均以NPKM處理最高。土壤有機(jī)C、全N、全P相互間均呈顯著正相關(guān),且三者與籽粒、秸稈產(chǎn)量均呈顯著正相關(guān);土壤全N、全P也分別與對應(yīng)的植株全N、全P呈極顯著正相關(guān),土壤有機(jī)C與植株有機(jī)C呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);2)不同處理籽粒N:P變化范圍為4.99~6.29、秸稈N:P變化范圍為7.28~11.76。隨著外源N、P的補(bǔ)充,各施肥均不同程度地降低了籽粒與秸稈C:N、N:P、C:P,與NPK處理相比,NPKM與NPKS處理籽粒、秸稈的上述比值呈進(jìn)一步降低趨勢,NPKM降幅尤為明顯;3)不同施肥模式下水稻植株N:P及C:P與土壤P素、植株產(chǎn)量均呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),顯示黃泥田各施肥不同程度地受到P素限制而N素供應(yīng)相對豐富,這與土壤養(yǎng)分化學(xué)診斷結(jié)果基本一致。上述說明,土壤有機(jī)C、全N、全P總量供應(yīng)水平是影響黃泥田生產(chǎn)力的重要指標(biāo),NPKM處理對黃泥田定向培肥效果最為明顯。植株N:P與產(chǎn)量關(guān)系對揭示該類稻田N、P限制有較好的指示作用,即較高的植株N:P而較低的產(chǎn)量暗示土壤P素供應(yīng)相對N素缺乏。表征黃泥田水稻P素限制的植株N:P閾值范圍可能較濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(14~16)低。
[Abstract]:In order to elucidate the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of soil-rice C ~ (+ C), N ~ (2 +) and P (P) in yellow mud fields in southern China under different fertilization modes, the significance of N ~ (+) N ~ (+) -N ~ (+) -N ~ (2 +) -N ~ (2 +) -P metering ratio was discussed. Based on the harvest date of 4 years after 28 years of long-term fertilization in yellow mud field, The contents of organic C, total N, total P and the ratio of ecochemistry and organic C in rice plant and soil were studied under the conditions of no fertilizer application, single application of chemical fertilizer (NPKM), fertilizer of cow dung (NPKM) and the application of chemical fertilizer to rice plant and soil organic matter (C, total N, total P). The results showed that compared with CK, the contents of organic C, total N, and total P in soil with long-term fertilization were increased by 11.3%, 39.1% and 19.33.1%, respectively, and the contents of 43.1and 34.5and 69.0%, respectively, were the highest in the treatment of NPKM. Soil organic C, total N, total P were significantly positively correlated with grain and straw yield, soil total N and total P were significantly positively correlated with plant total N and total P, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between soil organic C and plant organic C. (2) the variation range of grain N: P and straw N: P was 4.99 ~ 6.29 and 7.28 ~ 11.76 respectively. With the supplement of exogenous N ~ + P, all fertilization decreased grain and straw C _ (1) N ~ (1) N ~ (1) N ~ (-1) P ~ (-1) P, compared with NPK treatment and NPKS treatment. The above ratio of straw showed a further decreasing trend. The decrease of NPKM was especially obvious. Under different fertilization patterns, N: P and C _ (1) P of rice plants were negatively correlated with soil P content and plant yield. The results showed that the fertilization in yellow mud field was restricted by P and the supply of N was relatively abundant, which was consistent with the results of chemical diagnosis of soil nutrients. The above results indicated that the total supply level of soil organic C, total N and total P was the most important index affecting the productivity of yellow mud field. NPKM treatment had the most obvious effect on directional fertilization of yellow mud field. The relationship between N _ (1) P and the yield of plant N _ (1) P had a better indication to reveal the limitation of N _ (10) P in this kind of paddy field, that is, the higher plant N _ (1) P and the lower yield indicated that the soil P supply was relative to N ~ (2 +) deficiency. The threshold range of N: P in rice plants which indicated P restriction in yellow mud field was lower than that in wetland ecosystem.
【作者單位】： 福建省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院土壤肥料研究所;
【基金】：省屬公益類科研院所基本科研專項(xiàng)(2016R1021-2;2015R1022-5) 公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)(201203030)資助
【分類號】：S511;S154.4

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