本文選題：玉米秸稈腐解液 + 根系生長(zhǎng)�。� 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)作為全世界每年秸稈生產(chǎn)量最大的國(guó)家,目前農(nóng)作物秸稈年生產(chǎn)量達(dá)8億t,黑龍江省作為我國(guó)保證糧食產(chǎn)量的重要生產(chǎn)基地,在全國(guó)有著舉足輕重的作用。為了研究黑龍江省三江平原地區(qū)秸稈還田對(duì)下茬作物的影響。國(guó)家開展了專項(xiàng)課題研究。在我國(guó)北方小麥—玉米兩熟種植制度下,玉米秸稈連年還田已顯著影響了小麥的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,而在黑龍江省農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,目前連作玉米是否有自毒效應(yīng),這還不明確,玉米秸稈還田的正面影響也不明確。本文以室內(nèi)腐解模擬田間還田狀態(tài),探討不同還田量即不同腐解強(qiáng)度的玉米秸稈腐解液對(duì)后茬玉米苗期根系生長(zhǎng)、根系土壤酶活性、根系土壤理化性質(zhì)及根際土壤微生物的影響,通過探索玉米秸稈還田后對(duì)下茬玉米幼苗的影響,完善秸稈還田的理論和技術(shù),為避免秸稈還田的他感負(fù)效應(yīng)、合理的茬口選擇和優(yōu)化種植制度提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本試驗(yàn)以玉米為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)不同的玉米秸稈腐解時(shí)間(0,60,120,180d),提取腐解液后設(shè)置成三個(gè)濃度(0.5,0.25,0.125gDW/ml)。以清水為對(duì)照,以盆栽方式探究對(duì)玉米苗期根際生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響,通過測(cè)定幼苗在四葉、五葉、六葉期根系生理特征、根系活力、土壤酶活性、土壤理化性質(zhì)、土壤微生物數(shù)量以及在五葉期時(shí)土壤細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性,形成主要研究結(jié)果如下:玉米秸稈腐解液對(duì)玉米幼苗根長(zhǎng)、根表面積、根體積、根干重的影響,隨腐解液濃度增加,有“低促高抑”的化感效應(yīng);隨腐解天數(shù)的增加,對(duì)其影響先增大后減小,在60、120d腐解液處理下與對(duì)照差異顯著,玉米幼苗四葉、五葉、六葉期,表現(xiàn)出在腐解120d、低(0.125gDW/ml)濃度處理下各項(xiàng)根系指標(biāo)達(dá)到最大值,在腐解120d、高(0.5gDW/ml)濃度處理下達(dá)到最小值;隨葉齡增加,其影響逐漸減弱。玉米幼苗根際土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、過氧化物酶的活性隨腐解液濃度的增加而增加;隨著玉米秸稈腐解天數(shù)的增加,呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低的趨勢(shì);隨葉齡增加,腐解液對(duì)根際土壤酶活性的影響逐漸減弱。玉米幼苗根系活力隨著秸稈腐解液濃度的增大先升高后降低;低(0.125gDW/ml)、中(0.25gDW/ml)濃度下對(duì)根系活力的促進(jìn)作用也隨葉齡增加逐漸減弱。玉米秸稈腐解液改變了幼苗根際土壤的理化性質(zhì),120d腐解天數(shù),高濃度(0.5gDW/ml)玉米秸稈腐解液改善了幼苗生長(zhǎng)的土壤養(yǎng)分環(huán)境。玉米秸稈腐解液對(duì)幼苗根際土壤細(xì)菌、真菌、放線菌數(shù)量的影響,隨腐解濃度升高,幼苗根際土壤細(xì)菌數(shù)量增加,真菌、放線菌數(shù)量減少。隨腐解天數(shù)增加,幼苗根際土壤細(xì)菌、放線菌數(shù)量先增多后減少,真菌數(shù)量先減少后增多。本試驗(yàn)利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)研究土壤細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性及組成的結(jié)果表明:玉米秸稈腐解液提高了土壤細(xì)菌菌群的多樣性水平并改變了玉米幼苗根際土壤細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)組成。180d腐解天數(shù),低濃度(0.125gDW/ml)處理下土壤細(xì)菌菌群多樣性水平最高。
[Abstract]:China is the country with the largest annual straw production in the world. At present, the annual crop straw production reaches 800 million tons. Heilongjiang Province, as an important production base of ensuring grain production in China, plays an important role in the whole country. In order to study the effect of straw returning to the next crop in Sanjiang Plain of Heilongjiang Province. The state has carried out research on special topics. Under the wheat-maize double cropping system in the north of China, the successive return of corn stalks to the field has significantly affected the growth and development of wheat. However, it is not clear whether continuous cropping maize has self-toxic effect in the farmland ecosystem of Heilongjiang Province at present. The positive effect of corn straw returning to the field is also unclear. In this paper, indoor decomposition was used to simulate the field return state, and the effects of corn straw decomposing solution with different returning amount, I. e., different decomposition intensity, on root growth and soil enzyme activity in the seedling stage of next crop maize were studied. The physical and chemical properties of root soil and the effect of rhizosphere microorganism were studied in order to avoid the negative effect of straw returning to the field by exploring the effect of corn straw returning to the next crop maize seedling and perfecting the theory and technology of straw returning to the field. Reasonable crop selection and optimization of planting system provide scientific basis. In this experiment, corn was used as the research object. According to the different decomposing time of corn straw, the decomposed solution was extracted and set into three concentrations of 0.25 ~ 0.25 ~ 0.125g / ml ~ (-1) DW 路ml ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ 0.125g / ml ~ (-1) ~ 0.125g / ml ~ (-1). The effects of water on the rhizosphere ecological environment of maize seedlings were studied by pot culture. The physiological characteristics of roots, root activity, soil enzyme activity and soil physical and chemical properties were measured at four, five and six leaf stages. The main results were as follows: the effects of cornstalk decomposing solution on root length, root surface area, root volume and root dry weight of maize seedlings increased with the concentration of decomposed solution. The allelopathic effect of "low promotion and high inhibition" increased first and then decreased with the increase of the days of decomposition, and the difference was significant between the treatment of 60120 days and that of the control. The four leaves, five leaves and six leaves of maize seedlings were significantly different from those of the control. It was shown that the root system index reached the maximum value at 120 days after decomposing, and reached the minimum value at 120 days after decomposing with 0.125 g DW / ml concentration, and the effect gradually weakened with the increase of leaf age. The activities of sucrase, urease, acid phosphatase and peroxidase in rhizosphere soil of maize seedlings increased with the increase of the concentration of decomposed solution, and increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of decomposition days of maize straw. The effect of decomposed solution on the enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil decreased gradually. The root activity of maize seedlings increased at first and then decreased with the increase of the concentration of straw decay solution, and the promoting effect of low concentration of 0.125 g DW / ml and 0.25 g DW / ml on root activity decreased with the increase of leaf age. The physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil were changed by cornstalk decomposing solution, and the soil nutrient environment of seedling growth was improved by cornstalk decomposing solution with high concentration of 0.5 g DW / ml. The effect of corn straw decomposing solution on the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of seedlings increased with the increase of decomposition concentration, but the number of fungi and actinomycetes decreased with the increase of decomposition concentration. The number of actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil increased first and then decreased with the increase of decomposing days, and the number of fungi decreased first and then increased. In this experiment, high-throughput sequencing technique was used to study the diversity and composition of soil bacterial community. The results showed that the cornstalk decomposing solution increased the diversity of soil bacterial flora and changed the rhizosphere soil bacteria of maize seedlings. The composition of community structure. 180 days, Under low concentration of 0.125 g DW / ml, soil bacterial flora diversity was the highest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S513;S154

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