本文選題：蘇打鹽堿土 + 稻草　； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：松嫩平原蘇打鹽堿土是吉林省西部最具有開發(fā)潛力的土壤資源,同時也是最難改良利用的一類土壤。經(jīng)過幾代科學(xué)家的不懈努力,目前已經(jīng)形成了一套以種稻改良、配施硫酸鋁為核心的改良措施。在實際生產(chǎn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),施用硫酸鋁對蘇打鹽堿土有機質(zhì)含量具有一定的促進作用。本研究以蘇打草甸鹽堿土為試驗對象,通過實驗室內(nèi)水田模擬培養(yǎng),研究了硫酸鋁和稻草添加對土壤有機碳含量、腐殖質(zhì)組分變化、活性有機碳含量變化以及有機無機復(fù)合體變化的影響,進一步探討了硫酸鋁和稻草添加對土壤有機質(zhì)含量及其組成的影響,以期能為松嫩平原新開鹽堿地水田土壤快速改良培肥技術(shù)體系的建立提供理論依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果概括如下:1.稻草和硫酸鋁添加均有利于土壤有機碳含量的提高。在相同硫酸鋁添加量條件下,土壤有機碳含量表現(xiàn)為隨稻草添加量的增加而增加。在相同稻草添加量條件下,土壤有機碳含量隨硫酸鋁添加量的增加而呈增加趨勢,在高稻草添加量條件下,各處理間差異達到顯著水平。2.稻草的添加使土壤游離態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)、結(jié)合態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)及各組分含量均得到了不同程度的提高,尤其是游離態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)增加更為顯著。硫酸鋁添加顯著降低游離態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)及胡敏酸的含量,提高結(jié)合態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)及胡敏酸的含量,促進游離態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)及胡敏酸向結(jié)合態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變,并且這種促進效果與硫酸鋁添加量有明顯的相關(guān)關(guān)系。3.向土壤中添加稻草及硫酸鋁均能降低游離態(tài)胡敏酸和結(jié)合態(tài)胡敏酸的腐殖化度。添加稻草后可使土壤游離態(tài)胡敏酸由原來的B型轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)镻型,添加硫酸鋁會促使游離態(tài)胡敏酸由P型向Rp型轉(zhuǎn)變,這種轉(zhuǎn)變趨勢會因稻草添加量的增加而加速。添加稻草對結(jié)合態(tài)胡敏酸類型的影響僅發(fā)生在量變上,并未使得A型結(jié)合態(tài)胡敏酸發(fā)生型變,硫酸鋁添加對結(jié)合態(tài)胡敏酸的作用不明顯。稻草和硫酸鋁的添加使得土壤腐殖質(zhì)更加年輕化,土壤腐殖質(zhì)得到了更新。4.稻草添加顯著提高了土壤微生物量碳和微生物商,提升幅度分別為108.5%~310.3%和76.1%~178.3%,低量稻草添加更有利于土壤微生物量碳和微生物商的增加。硫酸鋁能夠進一步促進土壤微生物量碳的增加,且硫酸鋁添加量與微生物量碳的含量呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。在未添加稻草的處理中,添加硫酸鋁能增加土壤易氧化有機碳含量,降低土壤有機碳的Kos值。添加稻草和硫酸鋁能不同程度的提高土壤易氧化有機碳的含量。Kos值隨稻草添加量的增加呈先增加后減少的趨勢,隨硫酸鋁添加量的增加呈增加趨勢。5.稻草添加促進較小粒級復(fù)合體向大粒級復(fù)合體團聚,同時提高了各粒級復(fù)合體內(nèi)有機碳的含量。硫酸鋁添加能夠促進稻草分解產(chǎn)生的有機膠體與無機顆粒形成有機無機復(fù)合體,促進土壤的團聚,同時提高大粒級有機無機復(fù)合體數(shù)量及有機碳含量。
[Abstract]:Soda-alkali soil in Songnen Plain is the most potential soil resource in the west of Jilin Province, and it is also the most difficult to improve the use of soil. Through the unremitting efforts of several generations of scientists, a set of improvement measures have been formed, which is based on the improvement of rice planting and the application of aluminum sulfate. It is found that the application of aluminum sulfate can promote the content of organic matter in soda-alkali soil. In this study, soda-meadow saline-alkali soil was used to study the changes of soil organic carbon and humus components by simulated cultivation of paddy field in laboratory. The effects of the content of active organic carbon and the change of organic-inorganic complex on the content and composition of soil organic matter were further studied by adding aluminum sulfate and straw. In order to provide theoretical basis for the establishment of rapid improvement of soil fertility technology system in the newly opened saline and alkaline paddy fields in Songnen Plain. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The addition of straw and aluminum sulfate was beneficial to the increase of soil organic carbon content. Under the same amount of aluminum sulfate, soil organic carbon content increased with the increase of straw content. The soil organic carbon content increased with the increase of aluminum sulfate content under the same rice straw addition, and the difference between the treatments reached significant level at high rice straw content. The content of free humus, bound humus and components were increased in different degree by adding straw, especially in free humus. The addition of aluminum sulfate significantly reduced the contents of free humus and Hu Min acid, increased the contents of conjugated humus and Hu Min acid, and promoted the transition of free humus and Hu Min acid to binding state. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the effect and the amount of aluminum sulfate. Adding rice straw and aluminum sulfate to the soil can reduce the humification degree of free Hu Min acid and bound Hu Min acid. The addition of straw could change the free Hu Min acid from B type to P type, and aluminum sulfate could change the free Hu Min acid from P type to RP type, which would be accelerated by the increase of rice straw content. The effect of adding rice straw on the type of bound Hu Min acid occurred only in quantitative change, but did not cause the formation of type A binding state Hu Min acid, but the effect of aluminum sulfate on the binding state Hu Min acid was not obvious. The addition of straw and aluminum sulfate made the soil humus younger and the soil humus was renewed. The soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial quotient were significantly increased by adding straw, which increased by 310.3% and 76.1and 178.3%, respectively. Low straw addition was more favorable to the increase of soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial quotient. Aluminum sulfate can further promote the increase of soil microbial biomass carbon, and the amount of aluminum sulfate is positively correlated with the content of microbial biomass carbon. The addition of aluminum sulfate can increase the content of easily oxidized organic carbon in soil and decrease the Kos value of soil organic carbon in the treatment without adding straw. Rice straw and aluminum sulfate could increase the content of easily oxidized organic carbon in soil. Kos value increased first and then decreased with the increase of rice straw addition, and increased with the increase of aluminum sulfate content. The addition of straw promoted the agglomeration of smaller grain size complex to large grain size complex, and also increased the content of organic carbon in each grain level complex. The addition of aluminum sulfate can promote the formation of organic-inorganic complex by organic colloid and inorganic particles from rice straw decomposition, promote soil aggregation, and increase the amount of organic-inorganic complex and the content of organic carbon in large grain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S156.4

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