本文選題：四種除草劑 + 羊角月芽藻　； 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：除草劑對環(huán)境的復(fù)合污染研究日趨受到人們的重視,本研究以氯吡嘧磺隆Halosulfuron-methyl(HAL),丁草胺 Butachlor(BUT)、硝磺草酮 Mesotrione(MES)和莠去津Atrazine(ATR)為研究對象,通過毒性1:1的方法,探討它們對羊角月芽藻的聯(lián)合毒性效應(yīng)。獲得主要試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:1.研究了四種除草劑對羊角月芽藻的單一急性毒性。結(jié)果為:氯吡嘧磺隆、丁草胺、硝磺草酮、莠去津分別對羊角月芽藻生長的EC50.24h值分別為0.0080、0.140、2.136、0.04 mg/L;EC50.48h 值分別為 0.0070、0.118、2.748、0.020 mg/L;EC50.72h 值分別為 0.0050、0.104、3.475、0.023 mg/L。隨著染毒時間的延長,四種除草劑對月月牙藻的毒性逐漸升高。四種除草劑對羊角月芽藻的毒性大小排序?yàn)?氯吡嘧磺隆莠去津丁草胺硝磺草酮。氯吡嘧磺隆、丁草胺和莠去津?qū)υ孱惗际歉叨巨r(nóng)藥;而硝磺草酮對藻類為低毒農(nóng)藥。2.研究了氯吡嘧磺隆、丁草胺、硝磺草酮和莠去津4種除草劑二元和三元(等毒比)對羊角月芽藻染毒24h、48h、72h的聯(lián)合毒性效應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明,所有二元和三元混合對月牙藻的毒性隨著處理時間的延長和毒物濃度的升高而增大。氯吡嘧磺隆與丁草胺聯(lián)合作用表現(xiàn)為很強(qiáng)的拮抗(24h)、很強(qiáng)拮抗(48h)、較強(qiáng)拮抗(72h)。氯吡嘧磺隆與硝磺草酮聯(lián)合作用表現(xiàn)為拮抗作用(24h)、協(xié)同作用(48h)、很強(qiáng)協(xié)同(72h)。氯吡嘧磺隆與莠去津聯(lián)合作用三個時期均表現(xiàn)為較強(qiáng)拮抗作用。丁草胺與硝磺草酮聯(lián)合作用表現(xiàn)為拮抗作用(24h)、較強(qiáng)協(xié)同作用(48h)、較強(qiáng)協(xié)同(72h)。丁草胺與莠去津聯(lián)合作用表現(xiàn)為很強(qiáng)拮抗作用(24h)、較強(qiáng)拮抗作用(48h)、很強(qiáng)協(xié)同作用(72h)。硝磺草酮與莠去津聯(lián)合作用表現(xiàn)為較強(qiáng)拮抗作用(24h)、拮抗作用(48h)、接近相加作用(72h)。氯吡嘧磺隆、丁草胺與硝磺草酮的聯(lián)合作用表現(xiàn)為輕度協(xié)同(24h)、協(xié)同作用(48h)、較強(qiáng)協(xié)同(72h)。氯吡嘧磺隆、丁草胺與莠去津的聯(lián)合作用表現(xiàn)為很強(qiáng)拮抗(24h)、較強(qiáng)拮抗(48h)、輕度協(xié)同(72h)。氯吡嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮與莠去津的聯(lián)合作用表現(xiàn)為較強(qiáng)拮抗(24h)、拮抗作用(48h)、中等拮抗(72h)。丁草胺、硝磺草酮與莠去津的聯(lián)合作用表現(xiàn)為較強(qiáng)拮抗(24h)、中等拮抗(48h)、協(xié)同作用(72h)。3.研究了四種除草劑在單一和混合條件染毒72h后對羊角月芽藻的葉綠素含量的影響。結(jié)果表明,隨藥劑濃度的升高葉綠素含量降低。二元混合時,六個組合對月牙藻葉綠素含量的抑制作用都表現(xiàn)出拮抗作用。三元混合時,除了A氯吡嘧磺隆+丁草胺+硝磺草酮組合(CI=0.93)表現(xiàn)出接近相加的作用外,其余三個組合對月牙藻葉綠素含量的抑制作用都表現(xiàn)出拮抗作用。4.研究了四種除草劑單一和兩個二元混合組合染毒72h后對羊角月芽藻蛋白質(zhì)含量變化。在單一藥劑條件下,四種除草的高劑量時明顯的降低羊角月芽藻細(xì)胞中蛋白質(zhì)含量,并且差異顯著。羊角月芽藻蛋白質(zhì)在低濃度氯吡嘧磺隆和丁草胺混合時有一定的刺激作用現(xiàn)象。而氯吡嘧磺隆和硝磺草酮的第一個濃度梯度對羊角月芽藻蛋白質(zhì)的抑制作用明顯,當(dāng)在最大濃度時,蛋白質(zhì)含量下降很明顯,與對照組差異極顯著。因此,氯吡嘧磺隆+硝磺草酮組合相對氯吡嘧磺隆和丁草胺組合對蛋白質(zhì)的作用相對大一些。5.研究了四種除草劑單一和兩個二元混合組合作用對羊角月芽藻的抗氧化酶活性的影響。在單一和混合條件下,低劑量的藥劑會使羊角月芽藻細(xì)胞中SOD活性升高,并且與對照組相比達(dá)到差異顯著水平;當(dāng)藥劑濃度的升高,SOD活性將會逐漸的降低。其中低濃度的硝磺草酮刺激月牙藻SOD活性升高的幅度最大。而月牙藻暴露在氯吡嘧磺隆時SOD活性增大幅度較小并且降低很快。在混合條件下,羊角月芽藻的SOD活性都是在低濃度的條件下有有一定的升高,當(dāng)濃度的升高活性逐漸的降低。當(dāng)氯吡嘧磺隆以濃度為0.086mg/L和丁草胺混合時,SOD活性升高明顯低于其他濃度組合以及單一的丁草胺作用。在氯吡嘧磺隆和硝磺草酮混合中,當(dāng)氯吡嘧磺隆以濃度為0.086mg/L和硝磺草酮混合時,SOD活性升高明顯低于其他濃度組合以及單一的硝磺草酮作用。
[Abstract]:The research on the compound pollution of herbicides to environmental pollution is being paid more and more attention. In this study, the joint toxicity of Halosulfuron-methyl (HAL), butachlor Butachlor (BUT), nitramonacetone Mesotrione (MES) and atrazine Atrazine (ATR) was studied. The results are as follows: 1. the single acute toxicity of four herbicides to the moon buds was studied. The results were as follows: the EC50.24h value of chloroppyridimulimide, butachlor, nitramosonvone and atrazine respectively was 0.0080,0.140,2.136,0.04 mg/L, respectively, 0.0070,0.118,2.748,0.020 mg/L, and EC50.72h value respectively. The toxicity of four herbicides to crescent moon alga was gradually increased with the prolongation of the time of 0.0050,0.104,3.475,0.023 mg/L.. The toxicity of the four herbicides to the moon buds was chlorpyridamosulimonimide, chlorpyrazolonide, chlorpyrimimon, Butachlor and atrazine, and the alga was highly toxic. The combined toxic effects of 4 herbicides, two yuan and three yuan (equal to poison ratio) of chloroppyridimulimide, butachlor, nitramine and atrazine, were studied on the combined toxic effects of 4 kinds of herbicides on 24h, 48h and 72h. The results showed that the toxicity of all two and three yuan was prolonged with the prolongation of treatment time and the increase of poison concentration. The combined action of clopidolonimide and butachlor showed strong antagonism (24h), strong antagonism (48h) and strong antagonism (72h). The combined action of clopidolonimolon and nitro sulfonone showed antagonistic action (24h), synergistic action (48h) and strong synergy (72h). The combined action of clopidolyl sulfonon and atrazine both showed strong antagonism in the three periods. The combination of Butachlor and nitro sulfonone showed antagonistic effect (24h), strong synergism (48h) and strong synergy (72h). The combination of Butachlor and atrazine showed strong antagonism (24h), strong antagonism (48h) and strong synergism (72h). The combination of NOx and atrazine was strong antagonism (24h) and antagonistic action. (48h), close to addition action (72h). Chlorpyrimimon, Butachlor and nitramone were combined with mild synergism (24h), synergism (48h), strong synergy (72h). The combination of chloroppyridimolon, Butachlor and atrazine showed strong antagonism (24h), strong antagonism (48h), mild coordination (72h), chlorpyrimimon, nitreonoxone and The combined effect of atrazine was strong antagonism (24h), antagonism (48h), medium antagonism (72h). The combination of butachlor, nitreonoxacetone and atrazine showed strong antagonism (24h), medium antagonism (48h), and synergistic action (72h).3. to study the chlorophyll content of four kinds of herbicides on single and mixed conditions of 72h. The results showed that the chlorophyll content decreased with the increase of drug concentration. The inhibition action of the six combinations on the chlorophyll content of crescent alga was antagonistic when the mixture of two elements was mixed. When the three yuan mixed, the other three combinations were in addition to the addition of the A chlorpyrimimon + butachlor + nitramone combination (CI=0.93). The inhibition effect of the chlorophyll content of the alga showed antagonistic effect.4. to study the changes in protein content of the moon buds with four herbicides and two two mixed combinations of 72h. Under the condition of a single agent, the high dose of four kinds of herbicides obviously decreased the protein content in the cells of the moon bud, and the difference was significant. The protein at the low concentration of chlorpyrimimon and butachlor has a certain irritation effect. The first concentration gradient of chloroprimonon and nitramonidone has obvious inhibitory effect on the protein of the moon buds. When the maximum concentration, the decrease of protein content is obvious, so the difference is very significant with the control group. The combination of clopidolone + nitrononone relative to clopidolon and butachlor had a relatively large effect on protein. The effect of the combination of four herbicides and two two elements on the antioxidant enzyme activity of the moon buds was studied by four herbicides. Under a single and mixed condition, the low dose of the agent would make the cells of the moon bud. The activity of SOD in the medium was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the activity of SOD would gradually decrease with the increase of the concentration of the drug. The increase of the activity of SOD in the crescent moon alga was the largest in the low concentration, while the SOD activity of crescent algae was smaller and decreased rapidly when the crescent algae was exposed to chloroppyridimolon. Under the condition of low concentration, the activity of SOD was increased at a low concentration. When the concentration of 0.086mg/L and butachlor was mixed, the increase of SOD activity was obviously lower than that of other concentrations and the action of a single butachlor. In combination, when chlorpyrifos methyl was mixed with 0.086mg/L and nifedipine, the activity of SOD was significantly lower than that of other combinations and single sulfonidone.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X171.5;X592

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