本文選題：景觀指數(shù) + 景觀格局分析�。� 參考：《生態(tài)學(xué)報》2017年15期

【摘要】：景觀格局分析是景觀生態(tài)學(xué)中揭示景觀變化及其生態(tài)效應(yīng)的主要方法,而景觀指數(shù)是景觀格局分析中廣泛使用的工具。土壤侵蝕是土壤物質(zhì)在景觀中的遷移和再分配過程,受地形、植被和人類活動及其空間格局的調(diào)控。運用景觀格局分析揭示景觀格局變化特別是土地利用/覆被格局變化對土壤侵蝕的影響是土壤侵蝕研究中應(yīng)用景觀生態(tài)學(xué)原理和方法的典型。在當(dāng)前的研究中,斑塊-廊道-基質(zhì)范式下建立的景觀指數(shù)對侵蝕過程的解釋能力不斷受到質(zhì)疑,建立篩選適用的景觀指數(shù)的原則和方法十分必要。以延河流域碾莊溝小流域為例,利用WATEM/SEDEM模型模擬多個年份流域侵蝕產(chǎn)沙和輸沙量;基于土地利用/覆被數(shù)據(jù),利用Fragstat4.2軟件,計算了相應(yīng)年份流域斑塊、邊界密度、形狀、集聚與分散和斑塊類型多樣性4個方面的代表性景觀指數(shù)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了景觀指數(shù)與流域侵蝕產(chǎn)沙和輸沙之間的關(guān)系,討論了景觀指數(shù)在土壤侵蝕研究中的有效性,在景觀和斑塊類型水平上分析了景觀指數(shù)表達"源"、"匯"兩大類景觀類型的空間格局與侵蝕產(chǎn)沙和輸沙之間的關(guān)系的一致性。結(jié)果表明:斑塊-廊道-基底范式下發(fā)展的景觀指數(shù)在指示景觀格局的土壤侵蝕效應(yīng)時存在局限。相對而言,斑塊類型尺度的景觀指數(shù)更能有效表達景觀格局與土壤侵蝕的關(guān)系。基于景觀類型在土壤侵蝕過程中的"源"、"匯"功能,提出了在土壤侵蝕研究中篩選適用的景觀指數(shù)的原則:(1)對"源"、"匯"兩類景觀類型,景觀指數(shù)與土壤侵蝕狀況表征變量的相關(guān)系數(shù)符號相反;(2)對同為"源"或"匯"景觀類型的多個景觀類型,景觀指數(shù)與土壤侵蝕表征變量的相關(guān)系數(shù)應(yīng)具有符號一致性。盡管景觀指數(shù)在斑塊類型水平上具有一定的有效性,但用其預(yù)測景觀格局變化的侵蝕效應(yīng)有很大的不確定性。因此,基于土壤侵蝕過程與景觀格局的作用機制發(fā)展新型的景觀指數(shù)是增強景觀格局分析預(yù)測土壤侵蝕過程的能力的途徑。
[Abstract]:Landscape pattern analysis is the main method to reveal landscape change and its ecological effect in landscape ecology, and landscape index is a widely used tool in landscape pattern analysis. Soil erosion is a process of soil material migration and redistribution in the landscape, which is regulated by topography, vegetation, human activities and their spatial patterns. Using landscape pattern analysis to reveal the influence of landscape pattern change, especially land use / cover pattern change, on soil erosion is a typical example of landscape ecological principles and methods in soil erosion research. In the current research, the interpretation ability of landscape index based on patch, corridor and matrix paradigm to the erosion process has been constantly questioned, so it is necessary to establish the principles and methods of selecting suitable landscape index. Based on the land use / cover data and Fragstat4.2 software, the patch, boundary density and shape of the watershed in Yanhe River Basin were calculated by using WATEM/SEDEM model to simulate erosion sediment yield and sediment transport in several years, based on the land use / cover data and Fragstat4.2 software, a small watershed in Yanhe River Basin was used to simulate the erosion and sediment yield and sediment transport in several years. The representative landscape index in four aspects of agglomeration and dispersion and diversity of patch types. On this basis, the relationship between landscape index and erosion, sediment yield and sediment transport in watershed is analyzed, and the effectiveness of landscape index in soil erosion research is discussed. The relationship between the spatial pattern of landscape index expression "source" and "sink" and the relationship between erosion, sediment yield and sediment transport were analyzed at the level of landscape and patch types. The results showed that the landscape indices developed under the patch-corridor-basement paradigm were limited in indicating the soil erosion effects of landscape patterns. Relatively speaking, the landscape index of patch type scale can express the relationship between landscape pattern and soil erosion more effectively. Based on the function of "source" and "sink" of landscape type in soil erosion process, the principle of selecting suitable landscape index in soil erosion research is put forward. The correlation coefficient symbol of landscape index and soil erosion condition is opposite to the sign of correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient between landscape index and soil erosion characteristic variable should be consistent with that of landscape type of "source" or "sink". Although landscape index is effective at patch type level, the erosion effect of landscape pattern change is uncertain. Therefore, based on the action mechanism of soil erosion process and landscape pattern, the development of new landscape index is a way to enhance the ability of landscape pattern analysis to predict soil erosion process.
【作者單位】： 中國科學(xué)院地理科學(xué)與資源研究所 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)觀測與模擬重點實驗室;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金資助項目(41301032);國家自然科學(xué)基金重大資助項目(41390464)
【分類號】：P901;S157.1

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