本文選題：坡面植被格局 + 放水沖刷　； 參考：《水土保持學(xué)報(bào)》2017年05期

【摘要】：通過(guò)室內(nèi)放水沖刷試驗(yàn),研究在坡溝系統(tǒng)土壤侵蝕過(guò)程中,不同坡面植被格局對(duì)能量的調(diào)控作用及其對(duì)水沙響應(yīng)關(guān)系的影響,并建立不同坡面植被格局下基于能量參數(shù)的侵蝕產(chǎn)沙方程,深入了解能量與侵蝕產(chǎn)沙之間的響應(yīng)關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明:(1)相比于裸坡,在坡面有植被覆蓋的情況下,徑流功率大幅度降低,植被能夠有效地削減徑流功率,起到保護(hù)土壤的作用;在不同時(shí)刻下,不同坡面植被格局的單位水流功率在坡面較小,進(jìn)入溝道后單位水流功率急劇上升,呈"N"形曲線分布,經(jīng)過(guò)SPSS軟件分析,坡面植被格局對(duì)單位水流功率的影響不顯著(P0.05);坡面植被格局對(duì)徑流能耗的變化基本沒(méi)有影響,不同時(shí)刻,不同坡面植被格局下坡面上每個(gè)斷面的徑流能耗在1 500~2 000J保持不變,在進(jìn)入溝道后徑流能耗急劇上升,達(dá)到4 800J左右;(2)在坡溝系統(tǒng)的坡面上種植植被可以有效地起到蓄水減沙的作用,當(dāng)草帶位置距坡頂2m時(shí)(格局F)的蓄水效益最好,達(dá)到19.07%,當(dāng)草帶位置距坡頂6m時(shí)(格局B)的減沙效益高達(dá)69.02%;(3)不同坡面植被格局下坡溝系統(tǒng)的累積產(chǎn)流量與累積產(chǎn)沙量之間滿足M=aQb的冪函數(shù)形式,而且相關(guān)系數(shù)a和b可以作為蓄水減沙效益的指示指標(biāo);(4)在不同坡面植被格局下,坡面平均輸沙率與徑流功率滿足D=cω+d線性函數(shù)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The effects of different slope vegetation patterns on energy regulation and response to water and sediment during soil erosion in slope gully system were studied by indoor flushing test. The equation of erosion and sediment yield based on energy parameters was established under different slope vegetation patterns, and the response relationship between energy and erosion and sediment yield was deeply understood. The results show that compared with the bare slope, the runoff power decreases greatly when the slope is covered with vegetation, and the vegetation can effectively reduce the runoff power and play a role in protecting the soil. The unit flow power of different slope vegetation patterns is small on the slope, and the unit flow power increases sharply after entering the channel, and the unit flow power is "N" curve distribution, which is analyzed by SPSS software. The effect of vegetation pattern on unit flow power is not significant (P0.05J), and the change of runoff energy consumption is not affected by slope vegetation pattern. At different time, the energy consumption of runoff on each section of slope surface remains unchanged at 1 500 ~ 2 000 J under different vegetation pattern on slope. After entering the channel, the energy consumption of runoff increased sharply, reaching about 4 800 J / 2) planting vegetation on the slope of slope ditch system can effectively store water and reduce sediment. When the grass belt is 2 m from the top of the slope (pattern F), the benefit of water storage is the best. When the grass belt is 6 m from the top of the slope (pattern B), the benefit of sediment reduction is as high as 69.02 and 3) the power function form of M=aQb is satisfied between the cumulative runoff and the accumulated sediment yield of slope ditch system under different slope vegetation patterns. Moreover, the correlation coefficients a and b can be used as indicators of water and sediment reduction benefits. Under different slope vegetation patterns, the average sediment transport rate and runoff power on the slope satisfy the linear function of DC 蠅 d.
【作者單位】： 西安理工大學(xué)西北旱區(qū)生態(tài)水利工程國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育基地;中國(guó)科學(xué)院水利部水土保持研究所黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;河南黃河水文勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41330858,41471226,41601291) 國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0402404) 西安理工大學(xué)博士創(chuàng)新基金項(xiàng)目(310-252071505)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S157

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