本文選題：蓄水坑灌 + 土壤呼吸速率��； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：全球氣候變暖會(huì)引發(fā)溫室效應(yīng)，造成資源環(huán)境問題，影響社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，然而造成氣候變暖的原因正是由于大氣中CO2濃度的增加，土壤呼吸釋放CO2的過程是土壤和大氣之間氣體交換的主要途徑，因此，CO2的研究需要引起高度的重視。 為了探討蓄水坑灌條件下施肥對果園土壤呼吸速率的影響，本文共設(shè)置0g/L，0.749g/L，1.248g/L三個(gè)不同的肥液濃度水平，采用LI-COR-6400便攜光合測定儀所配套的土壤呼吸室測量系統(tǒng)，在山西省農(nóng)科院果樹研究所試驗(yàn)區(qū)的果園內(nèi)對不同肥液濃度條件下的土壤進(jìn)行土壤呼吸速率測定。本試驗(yàn)研究在蓄水坑灌條件下，果園內(nèi)不同肥液濃度處理下，土壤呼吸速率的季節(jié)性變化規(guī)律和日變化規(guī)律、土壤呼吸速率與影響因子之間的關(guān)系、離樹干不同位置處的土壤呼吸速率變化規(guī)律以及不同灌溉方式下土壤呼吸速率的變化規(guī)律。通過對在特定環(huán)境條件下土壤呼吸特征及其影響因素的研究，可以了解土壤呼吸作用的代謝過程和基本規(guī)律，探討環(huán)境因子與果園土壤呼吸的相關(guān)性。 主要研究結(jié)果如下： 1、蓄水坑灌條件下果園果樹的整個(gè)生育期內(nèi)，土壤呼吸速率的季節(jié)變化和日變化均呈現(xiàn)出先上升后下降的不對稱單峰型變化曲線規(guī)律。土壤呼吸速率不受灌溉方式和不同處理方式的限制，其變化動(dòng)態(tài)趨勢基本保持一致。季節(jié)變化是在7月份左右達(dá)到了最大值，成熟收獲期10月份左右時(shí)降到最低；日變化是在下午一點(diǎn)左右達(dá)到了峰值，在上午七點(diǎn)左右出現(xiàn)了最低值。 2、根據(jù)不同肥液濃度處理下的土壤呼吸速率平均值顯示，土壤呼吸速率會(huì)隨肥液濃度的增加而逐漸增強(qiáng)，肥液濃度為1.248g/L時(shí)土壤呼吸速率值最高，表明施用一定量的肥料會(huì)增加土壤呼吸速率。 3、從整體來看，土壤呼吸速率隨著據(jù)樹干距離的延長而逐漸降低。然而，在經(jīng)過蓄水坑方向距樹干50cm處和不經(jīng)過蓄水坑方向距樹干60cm處的土壤呼吸速率均比距樹干30cm處的土壤呼吸速率高。 4、考慮各層土壤溫度對土壤呼吸速率的影響，不同處理下的土壤呼吸速率與地下10cm處的土壤溫度的關(guān)系較為密切，具有比較一致的變化規(guī)律，呈顯著正相關(guān)。在一定范圍內(nèi)，土壤呼吸速率隨著土壤溫度的升高呈指數(shù)增加。 5、考慮空氣相對濕度對土壤呼吸速率的影響，不同處理下的土壤呼吸速率與空氣相對濕度呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。 6、考慮土壤水分對土壤呼吸速率的影響，不同處理下的土壤呼吸速率與土壤水分之間的相關(guān)性不明顯。 7、綜合考慮土壤溫度、土壤水分和空氣相對濕度的影響，研究其對土壤呼吸速率的協(xié)同作用，結(jié)果表明，土壤溫度、土壤水分和空氣相對濕度是影響土壤呼吸速率的主要因素，，土壤呼吸是土壤溫度、土壤水分和空氣相對濕度共同作用的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Global warming will lead to Greenhouse Effect, causing resource and environmental problems, and affecting the sustainable development of social economy. However, the cause of global warming is the increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. The process of soil respiration and release of CO2 is the main way of gas exchange between soil and atmosphere, so the study of CO _ 2 should be paid more attention to. In order to study the effect of fertilization on soil respiration rate in orchard under the condition of water storage pit irrigation, three different fertilizer concentration levels of 0 g / L 0. 749 g / L Li 1.248 g / L were set up, and the soil respiration chamber measurement system was adopted by LI-COR-6400 portable photosynthesis meter. The soil respiration rate was measured in the orchard of the fruit tree research institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences under the condition of different concentration of fertilizer solution. In this experiment, the seasonal and diurnal variation of soil respiration rate and the relationship between soil respiration rate and influencing factors were studied under the condition of water storage pit irrigation and different concentration of fertilizer solution in orchard. The variation of soil respiration rate at different locations from the trunk and the variation of soil respiration rate under different irrigation methods. The metabolic process and basic law of soil respiration can be understood by studying the characteristics of soil respiration and its influencing factors under special environmental conditions, and the correlation between environmental factors and soil respiration in orchards can be discussed. The main findings are as follows: 1. The seasonal and diurnal variation of soil respiration rate in the whole growth period of orchard fruit trees under the condition of water storage pit irrigation showed the unsymmetrical single-peak curve of rising first and then decreasing. Soil respiration rate was not restricted by irrigation and different treatments, and the dynamic trend of soil respiration rate was basically the same. The seasonal variation reached its maximum in July and decreased to the lowest in October, and the diurnal variation reached its peak at about 1: 00 in the afternoon and the lowest at about 7: 00 in the morning. 2. According to the average value of soil respiration rate under different concentration of fertilizer solution, soil respiration rate will increase gradually with the increase of fertilizer solution concentration, and the value of soil respiration rate is the highest when the concentration of fertilizer solution is 1.248g/L. The results showed that applying a certain amount of fertilizer could increase the rate of soil respiration. 3. As a whole, soil respiration rate decreased with the extension of tree trunk distance. However, the soil respiration rates were higher in the direction of water storage pit from the trunk 50cm and the direction from the direction of the water storage pit to the trunk 60cm than that from the trunk 30cm. 4. Considering the effect of soil temperature on soil respiration rate, soil respiration rate under different treatments is closely related to soil temperature at underground 10cm. In a certain range, soil respiration rate increased exponentially with the increase of soil temperature. 5. Considering the effect of air relative humidity on soil respiration rate, there was a negative correlation between soil respiration rate and air relative humidity under different treatments. 6. Considering the effect of soil moisture on soil respiration rate, there was no significant correlation between soil respiration rate and soil moisture under different treatments. 7. Considering the effects of soil temperature, soil moisture and air relative humidity, the synergistic effect of soil temperature, soil moisture and air relative humidity on soil respiration rate was studied. The results showed that soil temperature, soil moisture and air relative humidity were the main factors affecting soil respiration rate. Soil respiration is the result of the interaction of soil temperature, soil moisture and air relative humidity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S66;S154

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