本文選題：土壤侵蝕 + 土壤保持量�。� 參考：《青海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地是人類賴以生存的最基本的自然資源,隨著人類與環(huán)境資源矛盾的日益突出,土地的保護(hù)亦成為關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。土壤侵蝕會(huì)造成一系列的環(huán)境問(wèn)題,威脅社會(huì)環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,因此土壤保持工作一直備受關(guān)注。近幾十年來(lái),“3S”技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速,利用“3S”技術(shù),結(jié)合土壤侵蝕模型,對(duì)于研究土壤侵蝕機(jī)理及土壤保持量具有十分重要的意義。祁連山南坡在祁連山區(qū)發(fā)揮著重要的生態(tài)保護(hù)作用。為掌握祁連山南坡近10年的土壤保持量的時(shí)空變化規(guī)律,分布情況及其影響因素。本文采用“3S”技術(shù),結(jié)合USLE模型,利用祁連山南坡DEM數(shù)據(jù)、Landsat系列數(shù)據(jù)、青海省土壤類型圖和祁連山南坡周邊站點(diǎn)降雨數(shù)據(jù),分別計(jì)算了研究區(qū)2004年、2009年、2014年三期的現(xiàn)實(shí)土壤侵蝕量和土壤保持量,分析了土壤侵蝕與坡度、海拔、植被覆蓋度關(guān)系,探討了土壤保持量與坡度、海拔、植被覆蓋度及土地利用方式的關(guān)系。獲得如下結(jié)論:(1)研究區(qū)土壤侵蝕易發(fā)生區(qū)域?yàn)楹０?000～5000m,坡度在25°左右區(qū)域、植被覆蓋度為中覆蓋度區(qū)域;研究區(qū)內(nèi)的現(xiàn)實(shí)土壤侵蝕量與坡度、海拔、植被覆蓋度三個(gè)環(huán)境因子相關(guān)性明顯,現(xiàn)實(shí)土壤侵蝕級(jí)別及平均侵蝕模數(shù)隨著坡度與海拔的升高而增加,隨著植被覆蓋度的提高而降低;現(xiàn)實(shí)土壤侵蝕量隨著年際變化整體呈減小趨勢(shì)。(2)從植被覆蓋度(中覆蓋度、中高覆蓋度、高覆蓋度)、海拔、坡度不同年際間平均土壤保持量模數(shù)和土壤保持量來(lái)看,是逐步穩(wěn)升的;隨著坡度及植被覆蓋度的增加,平均土壤保持量模數(shù)呈增加趨勢(shì),隨海拔的增加呈下降趨勢(shì);研究區(qū)平均土壤保持量模數(shù)較大區(qū)域?yàn)?000～4000m的海拔范圍內(nèi)、緩坡以上、高覆蓋度區(qū)域,應(yīng)加強(qiáng)此區(qū)域的生態(tài)治理工作,以達(dá)到更加良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境。(3)林地及草地構(gòu)成了祁連山南坡生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤保持量的主體;應(yīng)重點(diǎn)防護(hù)3000～4000m的海拔范圍內(nèi),緩坡以上的林地及草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng),來(lái)穩(wěn)定研究區(qū)的土壤保持量。近10年的土壤侵蝕量整體減小,2004年、2009年、2014年三期的現(xiàn)實(shí)土壤侵蝕量分別為2.11×107t/a、2.48×107t/a、1.54×107t/a;土壤保持量逐年增加,2004年、2009年、2014年三期的土壤保持量分別為1.20×107t/a、1.86×107t/a、3.71×107t/a。表明祁連山南坡生態(tài)環(huán)境在不斷的改善。
[Abstract]:Land is the most basic natural resource for human survival. With the increasingly prominent contradiction between human beings and environmental resources, the protection of land has become the focus of attention. Soil erosion will cause a series of environmental problems and threaten the harmonious development of social environment and economy. In recent decades, "3s" technology has developed rapidly. It is of great significance to study soil erosion mechanism and soil conservation by using "3s" technology and soil erosion model. The southern slope of the Qilian Mountains plays an important role in ecological protection in the Qilian Mountains. In order to understand the temporal and spatial variation of soil conservation in the last 10 years on the southern slope of Qilian Mountains, the distribution of soil conservation and its influencing factors were studied. In this paper, using "3s" technique, combining with USLE model, using DEM data of the south slope of Qilian Mountain, the soil type map of Qinghai Province and rainfall data of the station around the south slope of Qilian Mountain are used. The actual soil erosion and soil conservation were calculated in 2004, 2009 and 2014, respectively. The relationships between soil erosion and slope, elevation and vegetation coverage were analyzed, and the relationship between soil conservation and slope and elevation was discussed. The relationship between vegetation coverage and land use patterns. The results are as follows: (1) the area where soil erosion is easy to occur in the study area is 4 000 ~ 5 000 m above sea level, the slope is about 25 擄, and the vegetation coverage is the area of medium coverage. The correlation of three environmental factors of vegetation coverage was obvious. The real soil erosion level and average erosion modulus increased with the increase of slope and altitude, and decreased with the increase of vegetation coverage. The actual soil erosion decreased with the interannual variation. (2) the vegetation cover (middle, high, high cover, elevation, slope, average soil conservation modulus and soil conservation between different years) was observed. With the increase of slope and vegetation coverage, the modulus of average soil conservation increased and decreased with the increase of altitude. Over the gentle slope and high coverage area, the ecological management work in this area should be strengthened in order to achieve a better ecological environment. 3) the forestland and grassland constitute the main body of soil conservation of the ecosystem on the south slope of Qilian Mountains. In order to stabilize the soil conservation in the study area, the forest land and grassland ecosystem above the gentle slope should be protected at the altitude of 3000 ~ 4000m. The amount of soil erosion decreased in the last 10 years, and the actual soil erosion in 2004, 2009 and 2014 was 2.11 脳 10 ~ 7t / a, 2.48 脳 10 ~ (7) t 路a ~ (-1) 脳 10 ~ (7) t / a, and the soil conservation increased year by year. In 2004, 2009, and 2014, the soil erosion was 1.20 脳 10 ~ (7) t / r ~ (-1) 1.86 脳 10 ~ (7) t / r ~ (-1) 3.71 脳 10 ~ (7) t / a. It shows that the ecological environment of the south slope of Qilian Mountain is improving continuously.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S157

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