本文選題：秸稈還田 + 生物質(zhì)炭　； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：生物質(zhì)炭是各類生物質(zhì)在缺氧狀況下熱裂解產(chǎn)生的一類高度芳香化難溶固態(tài)物。生物質(zhì)炭施入土壤后可以改善土壤性質(zhì)、提高作物產(chǎn)量,并且減少溫室氣體排放,但生物質(zhì)炭的影響因土壤類型、氣候條件和生物質(zhì)炭的性質(zhì)而呈現(xiàn)較大差異。本文以太湖地區(qū)稻田土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為對(duì)象,研究了秸稈直接還田及其炭化生成生物質(zhì)炭后再還田對(duì)稻田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤性質(zhì)、作物生長(zhǎng)和溫室氣體排放的影響。試驗(yàn)設(shè)置4個(gè)處理,分別為:常規(guī)對(duì)照(CK),秸稈還田(SR),小麥秸稈生物質(zhì)炭(WBC)和水稻秸稈生物質(zhì)炭(RBC)還田。秸稈還田為全量還田,生物質(zhì)炭用量為20thm-2。同時(shí),為了研究生物質(zhì)炭與氮肥施用的交互作用,試驗(yàn)還設(shè)置了氮肥處理(氮肥用量為0和300 kghm-2)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:①與常規(guī)管理模式(CK)相比,秸稈直接還田(SR)和炭化后再還田(WBC和RBC)對(duì)水稻穗粒數(shù)和千粒重等產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因子沒有顯著影響,但通過增加水稻分蘗數(shù)或單株生物量改變了水稻收獲時(shí)期地上部生物量和水稻產(chǎn)量。氮肥施用對(duì)水稻穗粒數(shù)和千粒重也沒有影響,但顯著增加了水稻地上部生物量和產(chǎn)量。在施用氮肥處理中,RBC處理增加了水稻地上部生量和產(chǎn)量,而WBC只增加了水稻地上部生物量。②秸稈還田和生物質(zhì)炭還田顯著改變了土壤性質(zhì)。與常規(guī)對(duì)照(CK)相比,施用生物質(zhì)炭處理提高了土壤有機(jī)碳含量、速效鉀含量,但降低容重。氮肥施用,對(duì)土壤有機(jī)碳含量、速效鉀含量、容重和土壤銨態(tài)氮含量沒有顯著影響。在不施氮素(N0)情況下,秸稈還田處理的硝態(tài)氮顯著高于其他處理。③秸稈還田和生物質(zhì)炭還田對(duì)溫室氣體排放通量的影響因氣體種類不同而有所差異。秸稈還田處理顯著提高了稻田土壤CH4和CO2的排放,與秸稈還田處理相比,施用水稻生物質(zhì)炭和小麥生物質(zhì)炭處理顯著降低了 CH4和N2O排放。與常規(guī)對(duì)照相比,其它處理均降低了土壤N2O的排放。炭化還田顯著降低了稻田溫室氣體排放強(qiáng)度(GHGI)。綜上所述,與常規(guī)管理模式(單純施用化學(xué)肥料)相比,秸稈直接還田和經(jīng)炭化后再還田會(huì)改變土壤理化性質(zhì)、作物產(chǎn)量和溫室氣體的排放量。本研究結(jié)果表明,盡管秸稈直接還田是目前秸稈處理的主要方式,但其對(duì)土壤增肥、作物增產(chǎn)的貢獻(xiàn)十分有限,且秸稈還會(huì)顯著促進(jìn)溫室氣體,特別是甲烷的排放。與之相比,作物秸稈經(jīng)炭化制成生物質(zhì)炭后再還田,可以顯著提高土壤肥力水平,增加作物產(chǎn)量,并顯著降低溫室氣體的排放量。
[Abstract]:Biomass charcoal is a kind of highly aromatizing and insoluble solid matter produced by pyrolysis of various biomass under anoxic condition. Applying biomass carbon into soil can improve soil properties, increase crop yield and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the effects of biomass carbon on soil types, climate conditions and biomass carbon properties vary greatly. In this paper, the effects of straw returning directly to the paddy field and its carbonization to biomass carbon and then returning to the field on the soil properties, crop growth and greenhouse gas emissions of paddy field ecosystem in Taihu Lake region were studied. Four treatments were set up in the experiment, which were CK, SRC, WBCand RBC, respectively. The total amount of straw was returned to the field, and the amount of biomass carbon was 20thm-2. At the same time, in order to study the interaction between biomass carbon and nitrogen fertilizer, the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer (0 and 300kghm-2) was set up in the experiment. The main results were as follows: (1) compared with the conventional management model (CK), the direct return of straw to the field (SRS) and carbonization before returning to the field (WBC and RBC) had no significant effects on the yield components such as grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight. However, the aboveground biomass and rice yield were changed by increasing the number of tillers or biomass per plant. Application of nitrogen fertilizer had no effect on grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight, but significantly increased the aboveground biomass and yield of rice. In the application of nitrogen fertilizer, RBC treatment increased the aboveground growth and yield of rice, while WBC only increased the aboveground biomass of rice. 2. 2 straw and biomass carbon significantly changed the soil properties. Compared with CK, biomass carbon treatment increased soil organic carbon content and available potassium content, but decreased bulk density. Nitrogen application had no significant effect on soil organic carbon content, available potassium content, bulk density and soil ammonium nitrogen content. In the absence of N _ 0), the effects of straw returning on greenhouse gas emission flux were significantly higher than that of other treatments. 3. The effects of straw returning and biomass carbon returning on greenhouse gas emission fluxes were different with different gas types. Compared with straw returning treatment, rice biomass carbon treatment and wheat biomass carbon treatment significantly reduced CH4 and N 2O emissions. Compared with the conventional control, the other treatments reduced the emission of N 2O from soil. The intensity of greenhouse gas emission in paddy field was significantly reduced by carbonization. To sum up, compared with the conventional management mode (simple application of chemical fertilizer), the direct return of straw to the field and the return to the field after carbonization will change the physical and chemical properties of the soil, crop yield and greenhouse gas emissions. The results showed that straw returning directly to the field was the main way of straw treatment at present, but its contribution to soil fertilizer and crop yield was very limited, and straw could significantly promote the emission of greenhouse gas, especially methane. In contrast, crop straw can be carbonized into biomass carbon and then returned to the field, which can significantly improve soil fertility, increase crop yield and significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S511;S141

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