本文選題：豬糞 + 泰樂菌素　； 參考：《廣西大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：抗生素不僅用于人類疾病的治療,同時被廣泛應用于家畜畜禽的飼養(yǎng)當中,其產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境污染問題不容忽視,逐漸得到了廣泛關注。大多數(shù)抗生素并不能夠完全被動物充分利用,有相當一部分通過動物所產(chǎn)生的糞便或者是尿液等各種途徑進入到了土壤、水體當中,還有隨著有機肥的使用進入到農(nóng)作物,最終會進入人體當中。因此其對養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展以及人類的健康會產(chǎn)生難以估量的影響。本研究針對家禽牲畜養(yǎng)殖當中所產(chǎn)生的糞便當中存在泰樂菌素的問題,首先在實驗室內(nèi)通過篩選得到兩株具有較強泰樂菌素降解能力的菌株,在此基礎上進一步細化研究,明確了兩株菌對泰樂菌素的降解特性。根據(jù)前期實驗室的研究成果,在室外以泰樂菌素作為大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類抗生素模式抗生素,系統(tǒng)探究了添加外源的具有泰樂菌素能力的微生物對于豬糞堆肥當中泰樂菌素降解以及堆肥理化性質(zhì)的影響,同時利用高通量測序,從基因水平上研究了豬糞堆肥過程中泰樂菌素去除的分子生物學機理。得到的主要結果如下:(1)通過對菌庫當中的17株菌株進行泰樂菌素的篩選,篩選出A、B兩株對泰樂菌素降解率最高的菌株。在對A、B菌株進行的培養(yǎng)基濃度、泰樂菌素濃度、溫度、轉速、pH、接種量對泰樂菌素的降解特性研究試驗中,得到的對泰樂菌素降解效果的優(yōu)化條件是:培養(yǎng)基濃度1/1 MM,泰樂菌素濃度50～200 mg·L-1,溫度30～40℃,轉速 150～170 rpm,pH 6～10,接種量 1%。(2)添加外源的微生物菌劑可以顯著增加堆肥當中泰樂菌素的降解率,對堆肥的溫度、含水率、pH值等也均具有一定的影響,而且能夠降低堆肥完成時堆肥產(chǎn)品的毒性,對于堆肥的徹底完成具有一定的促進作用,堆肥最終完成時,添加外源微生物菌劑的處理小麥GI值為95.43%,顯著高于其他處理。添加入微生物菌劑可以明顯降低氮的流失,保障氮的再利用,堆肥最終完成時總氮的含量減少了30.05%,而TYL處理總氮降低了 32.14%,CK處理總氮降低了32.63%。微生物多樣性測序結果表明,堆肥結束之后,堆體細菌群落多樣性在屬水平上的相對豐度有明顯提高。其中,芽孢桿菌屬(Bacillus)和假糖球芽孢桿菌屬(Pseudogracilibacillus)可能對泰樂菌素的降解具有很好的促進作用。可以說,加入微生物在一定程度可以提高了堆肥當中泰樂菌素的去除效率,降低了堆體當中的毒害性。
[Abstract]:Antibiotics are not only used in the treatment of human diseases, but also widely used in the raising of livestock and poultry. The environmental pollution caused by antibiotics can not be ignored, and has been paid more and more attention. Most antibiotics can't be fully used by animals. Quite a few enter the soil through faeces or urine produced by animals, water bodies, and crops with the use of organic fertilizer. Will eventually enter the human body. Therefore, it will have incalculable effects on aquaculture, sustainable development of agriculture and human health. In order to solve the problem of the presence of tylosin in the feces produced in poultry livestock, two strains with strong degradation ability of tylosin were obtained by screening in the laboratory, and further detailed studies were carried out on this basis. The degradation characteristics of two strains of Tylosin were determined. Based on previous laboratory results, tylosin was used as a model antibiotic for macrolides outside. The effects of exogenous microbes with tylosin ability on the degradation of tylosin and physicochemical properties of pig manure compost were investigated systematically. Meanwhile, high-throughput sequencing was used to study the effects of adding exogenous microbes on the degradation of tylosin and the physical and chemical properties of the compost. The molecular biological mechanism of tylosin removal in pig manure composting was studied at the gene level. The main results were as follows: (1) by screening 17 strains of Tylosin from the bank, two strains of AHB with the highest degradation rate of tylosin were selected. In this paper, the degradation characteristics of Tylosin were studied by medium concentration, tylosin concentration, temperature, rotation speed, pH value and inoculation amount. The optimum conditions for the degradation of tylosin were as follows: the concentration of 1 / 1 MMM, the concentration of 50 ~ 200 mg / L ~ (-1) of tylosin, and the temperature of 30 ~ 40 鈩，

本文編號：1797373