本文選題：N_2O排放 + NH_3揮發(fā)��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了解農(nóng)田常規(guī)施肥條件下的不同途徑氮素?fù)p失特征,本文通過田間原位試驗同步研究了長江中下游地區(qū)夏玉米和旱直播水稻生長季氮肥施用后的農(nóng)田N_2O排放,NH3揮發(fā),氮滲漏和地表徑流的變化。結(jié)果表明,在玉米生長季(復(fù)合肥為基肥,尿素為追肥,基追肥水平均為150kgN·ha-1),整個生長季N_2O排放系數(shù)為3.3%,NH3揮發(fā)損失率為10.2%,氮滲漏和地表徑流損失率分別為11.2%和5.1%�；适┯靡缘貪B漏損失為主,而追肥氮素?fù)p失以氨揮發(fā)和滲漏為主,表明不同途徑化肥氮素?fù)p失主要受氮肥品種影響。同理在復(fù)合肥為基肥,尿素為追肥,基肥為162 kgN·ha-1,追肥為108kgN.ha-1的條件下,整個水稻生長季N_2O排放系數(shù)為1.5%,NH3揮發(fā)損失率為9.7%,硝態(tài)氮滲漏損失率為4.9%。因旱直播水稻生長季無排水,地表徑流氮損失率為零。本文按照土壤類型和氣候因素將全國劃分為8個區(qū)域,通過收集目前已發(fā)表的有關(guān)中國三大作物水稻、小麥和玉米2000-2012年之間的N_2O排放、NH3揮發(fā)、氮滲漏和徑流量的數(shù)據(jù),以及通過查詢中國氣象數(shù)據(jù)庫相關(guān)的氣象數(shù)據(jù),建立溫度和降水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)修正后的四種途徑氮損失量與施氮量之間的模型。根據(jù)收集到的每個區(qū)域三種作物的年平均施氮量以及耕作面積,估算中國2000年以來每年水稻、小麥和玉米的平均N_2O 排放量分別為 41.73±13.67Gg,44.52±11.51Gg,72.33±11.65Gg;NH3揮發(fā)量分別為 1035.33±264.54Gg,331.28±81.13Gg,951.71±144.03Gg;總氮徑流量分別為263.75±60.14Gg,329.98±64.43Gg,89.23±32.03Gg;和總氮滲漏量分別為196.78±85.46Gg,213.77±76.63Gg,938.62±91.24Gg。2000 年以來水稻、小麥和玉米N_2O排放導(dǎo)致的年均經(jīng)濟(jì)損失分別為17.25±5.65,20.718.40±4.76,29.96±4.82億元;NH3揮發(fā)分別為 27.54±7.04,8.81±2.16,25.31±3.83 億元;總氮徑流分別為 26.75±6.10,33.47±6.54,9.05±3.25 億元;總氮滲漏分別為 19.96±8.67,21.68±7.77,95.22±9.25 億元。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the characteristics of nitrogen loss in different ways under conventional fertilization conditions, in this paper, the NH _ 3 volatilization of N _ 2O emission from summer maize and dry direct seeding rice growing season in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River was studied by in-situ field experiment. Changes in nitrogen leakage and surface runoff. The results showed that in maize growing season (compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, urea as top fertilizer, basal fertilizer level as 150kgN ha-1), N2O emission coefficient of whole growing season was 3.3% and NH3 volatilization loss rate was 10. 2%, nitrogen leakage rate and surface runoff loss rate were 11. 2% and 5. 1%, respectively. Nitrogen leakage was the main loss of base fertilizer, while ammonia volatilization and leakage were the main loss of top dressing nitrogen, indicating that nitrogen loss in different ways was mainly affected by nitrogen fertilizer varieties. Similarly, under the conditions of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, urea as top fertilizer, basal fertilizer as 162 ha-1 and topdressing fertilizer as 108kgN.ha-1, the N2O emission coefficient of whole rice growing season is 1.5cm NH _ 3 volatilization loss rate is 9.7 and nitrate nitrogen leakage loss rate is 4.9. Because there is no drainage in the growing season of direct seeding rice, the nitrogen loss rate of surface runoff is zero. In this paper, according to soil types and climatic factors, the whole country is divided into eight regions. By collecting the published data on N _ 2O emission of NH _ 3 volatilization, nitrogen leakage and runoff from 2000 to 2012 in three major crops in China, rice, wheat and maize, By querying the meteorological data of China meteorological database, the model of nitrogen loss and nitrogen application in four ways after the correction of temperature and precipitation data was established. Based on the annual average amount of nitrogen applied and the area under cultivation for each of the three crops collected in each region, rice has been estimated for each year since 2000 in China. 灝忛害鍜岀帀綾崇殑騫沖潎N_2O 鎺掓斁閲忓垎鍒負(fù) 41.73鹵13.67Gg,44.52鹵11.51Gg,72.33鹵11.65Gg;NH3鎸ュ彂閲忓垎鍒負(fù) 1035.33鹵264.54Gg,331.28鹵81.13Gg,951.71鹵144.03Gg;鎬繪愛寰勬祦閲忓垎鍒負(fù)263.75鹵60.14Gg,329.98鹵64.43Gg,89.23鹵32.03Gg;鍜屾，

本文編號：1793085