本文選題：纖維素 + 好氧堆肥�。� 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：2011年全國畜禽糞便產(chǎn)生量達(dá)到25.45億噸,由于我國目前缺少有效的管理及治理措施,已造成嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染。另一方面,根據(jù)相關(guān)資料,每年全球生物質(zhì)能產(chǎn)生量是人類能源消耗總量的5-10倍,而其中較大部分是纖維素。作為農(nóng)業(yè)大國,我國的秸稈產(chǎn)量非常大,其中所富含的纖維素物質(zhì)不容易發(fā)生降解,如果能將二者相互結(jié)合利用,將對于土壤肥力的增加,環(huán)境污染的減少及幫助農(nóng)作物增產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生較大的意義。但是東北地區(qū)尤其是哈爾濱地區(qū)屬于高寒地區(qū),秋冬季節(jié)的低溫會(huì)大大降低微生物的活性,從而造成堆肥的啟動(dòng)困難、秸稈降解效率低等問題,因此,我們需要利用相關(guān)技術(shù)來提高低溫情況(10℃以下)下堆肥啟動(dòng)的快速性,進(jìn)而提高生產(chǎn)效率及質(zhì)量。本研究主要以農(nóng)村自然堆肥及稻田土等作為菌種來源,利用傳統(tǒng)的平板分離技術(shù),通過初篩及進(jìn)一步的基于兩因素的復(fù)篩,得到了低溫纖維素降解菌DF3、DF8、DF25三株,它們分別屬于Alcaligenes sp.,Alcaligenes sp.和Brevundimonas terrae(T)。低溫淀粉降解菌T4、T10及DF27三株,其中T4屬于Brucellaceae bacterium KAV,低溫糖降解菌DF26,屬于Pusillimonas sp.。然后采用添加多功能復(fù)合菌的方式進(jìn)行纖維素降解,繼而研究了兩株纖維素降解菌DF3、DF8的搖瓶發(fā)酵產(chǎn)酶的培養(yǎng)條件響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化,從碳源、氮源、接種量、p H值、表面活性劑的含量、發(fā)酵時(shí)間、搖速、溫度等八個(gè)因素進(jìn)行單因素試驗(yàn),然后進(jìn)行P-B設(shè)計(jì)試驗(yàn),最陡爬坡試驗(yàn)及BBD試驗(yàn)和驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),最后求解得出DF3的最佳產(chǎn)酶條件為接種量8.9ml,p H值為7.5,溫度為40℃,氮源為9.5g/L時(shí)酶活力為1848 IU,求解得出DF8的最佳產(chǎn)酶條件為接種量5.7ml,轉(zhuǎn)速為105 rpm,碳源為11.5g/L時(shí)酶活力為572 IU。最后將菌劑固態(tài)發(fā)酵后應(yīng)用于接種堆肥及施肥等相關(guān)應(yīng)用,將菌劑固態(tài)發(fā)酵后接種堆肥,發(fā)現(xiàn)接種多功能菌劑的處理升溫迅速,比對照提前四天到達(dá)高溫期,起溫快,溫度達(dá)到60℃后至少7d,說明本菌劑的低溫啟動(dòng)效果較好。隨后研究了施化肥及有機(jī)肥對白菜地所產(chǎn)生的不同影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)施用有機(jī)肥以后能有效提高土壤中腐殖酸的含量,測產(chǎn)得到堆肥產(chǎn)品組畝產(chǎn)約為9990kg,化肥組約為8702kg,空白組約為7361kg,效果良好。通過本研究,以期實(shí)現(xiàn)稻稈等纖維素類廢棄物與畜禽糞便的結(jié)合及有效利用,以緩解畜禽糞便帶來的環(huán)境污染,并提高稻桿等纖維素的利用率。
[Abstract]:In 2011, the output of livestock and poultry feces reached 2.545 billion tons in China, which has caused serious environmental pollution due to the lack of effective management and control measures. On the other hand, according to the relevant data, the global biomass energy production is 5-10 times of the total energy consumption of human each year, and the larger part of which is cellulose. As a large agricultural country, the yield of straw in China is very large, and the cellulose rich in it is not easy to degrade. If the two can be combined with each other, it will increase the soil fertility. The reduction of environmental pollution and the help of increasing crop yield have great significance. But the northeast area, especially Harbin area, belongs to the alpine area. The low temperature in autumn and winter season will greatly reduce the microbial activity, which will lead to the difficulty of composting start-up and the low degradation efficiency of straw, etc. We need to improve the speed of composting startup under low temperature (below 10 鈩，

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