本文選題：生物腐植酸 + 化學(xué)肥料　； 參考：《安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染問題的日益突出,農(nóng)田污染防治越來越受重視,而農(nóng)業(yè)的高產(chǎn)使得養(yǎng)分投入日益增加,生物腐植酸的利用就是平衡作物增產(chǎn)與控養(yǎng)分流(淋)失的重要途徑之一。面對化學(xué)肥料的施用對環(huán)境所造成的污染和農(nóng)田養(yǎng)分流失的問題,研究生物腐植酸配施化學(xué)肥料對土壤性質(zhì)及養(yǎng)分流失的影響十分必要,因此本文通過盆栽和室內(nèi)土柱淋溶實驗,研究了生物腐植酸肥在作物生長過程中對土壤性質(zhì)及養(yǎng)分淋失的影響。形成了以下主要研究結(jié)果:(1)生物腐殖酸提高了土壤中全氮、有機(jī)質(zhì)、堿解氮、速效磷、速效鉀含量,同等條件下施肥量大的土壤中養(yǎng)分含量更高。在相同施肥條件下,優(yōu)化施肥和優(yōu)化施肥+生物腐植酸中各養(yǎng)分含量分別為:優(yōu)化施肥中全氮為1.316-1.394g/kg、有機(jī)質(zhì)為24.15-32.52g/kg、堿解氮為65.33-98.00mg/kg、速效磷為23.13-75.35mg/kg、速效鉀為264.62-328.60mg/kg;優(yōu)化施肥+生物腐植酸中全氮為1.332-1.428g/kg、有機(jī)質(zhì)為27.55-33.90g/kg、堿解氮為66.50-106.17mg/kg、速效磷為23.29-81.19mg/kg、速效鉀為267.62-350.03mg/kg。在相同生物腐植酸用量的條件下,優(yōu)化施肥+生物腐植酸、優(yōu)化施肥減20%+生物腐植酸、優(yōu)化施肥減30%+生物腐植酸和優(yōu)化施肥減40%+生物腐植酸中各養(yǎng)分含量分別為:優(yōu)化施肥+生物腐植酸中全氮為1.332-1.428g/kg、有機(jī)質(zhì)為27.55-33.90g/kg、堿解氮為66.50-106.17mg/kg、速效磷為23.29-81.19mg/kg、速效鉀為267.62-350.03mg/kg;優(yōu)化施肥減20%+生物腐植酸中全氮為1.343-1.396g/kg、有機(jī)質(zhì)為28.20-33.07g/kg、堿解氮為68.83-108.50mg/kg、速效磷為22.35-81.50mg/kg、速效鉀為270.29-346.78mg/kg;優(yōu)化施肥減30%+生物腐植酸中全氮為1.290-1.355g/kg、有機(jī)質(zhì)為25.25-29.90g/kg、堿解氮為53.67-99.75mg/kg、速效磷為22.74-74.88mg/kg、速效鉀為263.62-324.71mg/kg;優(yōu)化施肥減40%+生物腐植酸中全氮為1.278-1.364g/kg、有機(jī)質(zhì)為24.28-31.55g/kg、堿解氮為57.17-112.00mg/kg、速效磷為21.79-77.78mg/kg、速效鉀為275.62-324.71mg/kg。(2)生物腐殖酸施用減少了土壤中硝態(tài)氮、銨態(tài)氮、總氮和可溶性磷的淋失。在相同施肥條件下,傳統(tǒng)施肥和傳統(tǒng)施肥+生物腐植酸中各養(yǎng)分淋失含量范圍為:傳統(tǒng)施肥中硝態(tài)氮為3.441-12.919mg/L、銨態(tài)氮為0.417-2.587mg/L、總氮為3.963-25.358mg/L、可溶性磷為0.060-0.140mg/L;傳統(tǒng)施肥+生物腐植酸中硝態(tài)氮為3.142-12.414mg/L、銨態(tài)氮為0.347-2.225mg/L、總氮為3.533-25.006mg/L、可溶性磷為0.044-0.141mg/L。在相同用量生物腐植酸條件下,傳統(tǒng)施肥+生物腐植酸、傳統(tǒng)施肥減20%+生物腐植酸和優(yōu)化施肥減30%+生物腐植酸中各養(yǎng)分淋失含量分別為:傳統(tǒng)施肥+生物腐植酸中硝態(tài)氮為3.142-12.414mg/L、銨態(tài)氮為0.347-2.225mg/L、總氮為3.533-25.006mg/L、可溶性磷為0.044-0.141mg/L、傳統(tǒng)施肥減20%+生物腐植酸中硝態(tài)氮為3.019-12.210mg/L、銨態(tài)氮為0.337-2.032mg/L、總氮為3.378-24.972mg/L、可溶性磷為0.039-0.129mg/L;優(yōu)化施肥減30%+生物腐植酸中硝態(tài)氮為2.833-12.191mg/L、銨態(tài)氮為0.326-1.931mg/L、總氮為3.201-24.643mg/L、可溶性磷為0.036-0.125mg/L。(3)生物腐植酸施用能促進(jìn)作物的生長,可以減少生產(chǎn)中化肥的用量。在盆栽實驗中,油菜產(chǎn)量在處理優(yōu)化施肥+生物腐植酸肥料和優(yōu)化施肥減20%+生物腐植酸肥料表現(xiàn)出較為接近的生長趨勢,且土壤中各養(yǎng)分的含量較為接近,施用過多的化肥對土壤性質(zhì)和環(huán)境有不利的影響,其中優(yōu)化施肥+生物腐植酸中全氮為1.332-1.428g/kg、有機(jī)質(zhì)為27.55-33.90g/kg、堿解氮為66.50-106.17mg/kg、速效磷為23.29-81.19mg/kg、速效鉀為267.62-350.03mg/kg;優(yōu)化施肥減20%+生物腐植酸中全氮為1.343-1.396g/kg、有機(jī)質(zhì)為28.20-33.07g/kg、堿解氮為68.83-108.50mg/kg、速效磷為22.35-81.50mg/kg、速效鉀為270.29-346.78mg/kg。在室內(nèi)土柱淋溶實驗中,傳統(tǒng)施肥+生物腐植酸肥料比傳統(tǒng)施肥減20%+生物腐植酸肥料中的淋溶液中養(yǎng)分含量要大,其中傳統(tǒng)施肥+生物腐植酸中硝態(tài)氮為3.142-12.414mg/L、銨態(tài)氮為0.347-2.225mg/L、總氮為3.533-25.006mg/L、可溶性磷為0.044-0.141mg/L、傳統(tǒng)施肥減20%+生物腐植酸中硝態(tài)氮為3.019-12.210mg/L、銨態(tài)氮為0.337-2.032mg/L、總氮為3.378-24.972mg/L、可溶性磷為0.039-0.129mg/L;在養(yǎng)分大量淋失的情況下可以減少化學(xué)肥料的投入,有利于防止環(huán)境的污染和經(jīng)濟(jì)的損失,由上可知化學(xué)肥料的減少量控制在20%不會造成土壤中養(yǎng)分的供給不足和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的減產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:As the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution is becoming more and more prominent, the prevention and control of farmland pollution is becoming more and more important, and the high yield of agriculture makes the nutrient input increasing. The utilization of biological humic acid is one of the important ways to balance the crop yield increasing and the loss of control and diversion. It is necessary to study the effects of biological humic acid and chemical fertilizer on soil properties and nutrient loss. In this paper, the effects of biological humic acid fertilizer on soil properties and nutrient leaching in the process of crop growth were studied by pot and indoor soil column leaching experiments. The following main research results were formed: (1) biological humic acid The total nitrogen, organic matter, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil were increased. Under the same conditions, the nutrient content of the soil was higher. Under the same conditions, the optimum fertilization and optimum fertilization and biological humic acid content were as follows: the total nitrogen in the optimized fertilizer was 1.316-1.394g/kg, the organic matter was 24.15-32.52g/kg, and the alkaline solution was hydrolyzed. The nitrogen is 65.33-98.00mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 23.13-75.35mg/kg, the available potassium is 264.62-328.60mg/kg, the optimized fertilizer + biological humic acid is 1.332-1.428g/kg, the organic matter is 27.55-33.90g/kg, the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 66.50-106.17mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 23.29-81.19mg/kg, the available potassium is 267.62-350.03mg/kg. under the same dosage of the same biological humic acid. Optimizing fertilization + biological humic acid, optimizing fertilization and reducing 20%+ biological humic acid, optimizing fertilization and reducing 30%+ biological humic acid and optimizing fertilization of 40%+ bio humic acid, the content of all nutrients in biological humic acid are as follows: optimized fertilization + biological humic acid, total nitrogen is 1.332-1.428g/kg, organic matter is 27.55-33.90g/ kg, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 66.50-106.17mg/kg, and available phosphorus is 23.29-81. 19mg/kg, the available potassium is 267.62-350.03mg/kg, and the total nitrogen in the biological humic acid is 1.343-1.396g/kg, the organic matter is 28.20-33.07g/kg, the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 68.83-108.50mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 22.35-81.50mg/kg, the available potassium is 270.29-346.78mg/kg, and the total nitrogen in the humic acid is 1.290-1.355g/kg, and the organic matter is 25.25-. 29.90g/kg, the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 53.67-99.75mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 22.74-74.88mg/kg, the available potassium is 263.62-324.71mg/kg, and the optimized fertilization is 1.278-1.364g/kg, the organic matter is 24.28-31.55g/kg, the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 57.17-112.00mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 21.79-77.78mg/kg, and the available potassium is 275.62-324.71mg/kg. (2) biological humic acid. The leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen and soluble phosphorus in soil was reduced. Under the same fertilization conditions, the leaching loss of nutrients in traditional fertilization and traditional fertilization + biological humic acid was 3.441-12.919mg/L, ammonium nitrogen was 0.417-2.587mg/L, total nitrogen was 3.963-25.358mg/L, soluble phosphorus was 0.060-0.1 40mg/L, traditional fertilization and biological humic acid are 3.142-12.414mg/L, ammonium nitrogen is 0.347-2.225mg/L, total nitrogen is 3.533-25.006mg/L, soluble phosphorus is 0.044-0.141mg/L. under the same amount of biological humic acid, traditional fertilization + biological humic acid, traditional fertilization to reduce 20%+ biohumic acid and optimize the fertilization of 30%+ biological humic acid. The contents of nutrient leaching are as follows: the nitrate nitrogen in the traditional fertilization and the biological humic acid is 3.142-12.414mg/L, the ammonium nitrogen is 0.347-2.225mg/L, the total nitrogen is 3.533-25.006mg/L, the soluble phosphorus is 0.044-0.141mg/L. The nitrate nitrogen in the biological humic acid is 3.019-12.210mg/L, the ammonium nitrogen is 0.337-2.032mg/L, the total nitrogen is 3.378-24.972mg/L, and the soluble nitrogen is 3.378-24.972mg/L. The sex phosphorus is 0.039-0.129mg/L, and the optimum fertilization is that the nitrate nitrogen is 2.833-12.191mg/L, the ammonium nitrogen is 0.326-1.931mg/L, the total nitrogen is 3.201-24.643mg/L, the soluble phosphorus is 0.036-0.125mg/L. (3) biological humic acid can promote the growth of the crop, and can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer in the production. In the pot experiment, the yield of rape is in the pot. Rational fertilization, biological humic acid fertilizer and optimized fertilization reduced 20%+ biological humic acid fertilizer, which showed a relatively close growth trend, and the content of each nutrient in the soil was close, and the application of excessive fertilizer to soil properties and environment had adverse effects, in which the total nitrogen was 1.332-1.428g/kg and the organic matter was 2 in the optimized fertilization + biological humic acid. 7.55-33.90g/kg, the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 66.50-106.17mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 23.29-81.19mg/kg, the available potassium is 267.62-350.03mg/kg, the total nitrogen in the biological humic acid of 20%+ is 1.343-1.396g/kg, the organic matter is 28.20-33.07g/kg, the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is 68.83-108.50mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 22.35-81.50mg/kg, and the available potassium is 270.29-346.78mg/kg. in the indoor soil. In the column leaching experiment, the nutrient content in the drenched solution of 20%+ biological humic acid fertilizer is larger than traditional fertilization and biological humic acid fertilizer. The nitrate nitrogen in the traditional fertilizer + biological humic acid is 3.142-12.414mg/L, the ammonium nitrogen is 0.347-2.225mg/L, the total nitrogen is 3.533-25.006mg/L, the soluble phosphorus is 0.044-0.141mg/L, and the traditional fertilization is reduced. In 20%+ biological humic acid, nitrate nitrogen is 3.019-12.210mg/L, ammonium nitrogen is 0.337-2.032mg/L, total nitrogen is 3.378-24.972mg/L, soluble phosphorus is 0.039-0.129mg/L, which can reduce the input of chemical fertilizer in the case of heavy nutrient leaching, which is beneficial to prevent environmental pollution and economic loss. The reduction of chemical fertilizer is controlled by 20. % will not cause insufficient supply of nutrients in soil and reduction of cash crops.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S158

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