本文選題：小麥赤霉病菌 + 小麥紋枯病菌　； 參考：《安徽農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于安徽省農作物品種審定工作的需要,為審定品種的抗病性鑒定服務,必須建立代表安徽省各種植生態(tài)區(qū)的病菌菌種庫。小麥赤霉病、小麥紋枯病、玉米小斑病和玉米莖基腐病是安徽省小麥和玉米生產上的重要病害,也是報審品種抗病性鑒定的主要對象,篩選優(yōu)化以上病害病原物的儲藏條件是菌種庫的基礎工作,意義重大。本文以上述四種病菌為研究對象,主要以病菌的菌絲生長速率、產孢量以及致病力指標為依據(jù),通過不同儲藏溫度、不同保種基物、不同基物含水量與不同保存時間等條件的影響試驗,找出各病菌的最佳儲藏條件的組合,為小麥、玉米品種的抗病性鑒定和抗病育種工作服務。研究結果如下:1.冷凍真空干燥法對基物含水量的研究:經(jīng)過不同的真空冷凍干燥時間對4種基物(小麥、大麥、玉米、綠豆)含水量的影響研究,得到了真空冷凍干燥時間與含水量的關系,真空冷凍干燥時間為22h-33h,固體培養(yǎng)基物含水量在10%以下對病菌儲藏有利;2.菌種儲藏方法的優(yōu)化篩選:小麥、大麥、玉米、綠豆4種固體培養(yǎng)基的研究:設置0h、11h、33h、55h的冷凍干燥時間處理后,分別保存于4℃、-20℃和-80℃溫度的冰箱中,在不同儲藏時間段測定菌絲生長速率、產孢量及致病力。結果表明:在4種培養(yǎng)基物中,小麥赤霉病菌與小麥紋枯病菌在玉米培養(yǎng)基物上生活力表現(xiàn)最好,設置的4個玉米培養(yǎng)基含水量梯度條件,-80℃溫度保存3個月后,小麥赤霉病菌平均菌絲生長速率平均值為3.10cm/d,產孢量平均值為3.98×105個/mL,田間鑒定的病情指數(shù)為0.87%。小麥紋枯病田間鑒定的平均病情指數(shù)達到0.48%。玉米小斑病菌與玉米莖基腐病菌在小麥培養(yǎng)基物上生活力表現(xiàn)最好,-80℃溫度保存3個月后,玉米小斑病菌的產孢量的平均值為5.63×105個/mL,田間鑒定的病情指數(shù)為0.61%。玉米莖基腐病菌的平均產孢量為2.18×10~7個/mL,田間鑒定的病情指數(shù)為0.76%。3.菌種儲藏時間的確定:-80℃溫度條件下儲藏,設置12個月、15個月、18個月三種處理,測得的玉米培養(yǎng)基中小麥赤霉病菌的菌絲生長速率的平均是為:2.316、2.414、2.265(cm/d)。小麥培養(yǎng)基中玉米莖基腐病菌的菌絲生長速率平均值為:2.306、2.418、2.193(cm/d)。隨之儲藏時間的延長,病菌的生長速率略有降低。
[Abstract]:Because of the need of the examination and approval of crop varieties in Anhui Province, it is necessary to establish the germs bank representing each planting ecological region in Anhui Province for the purpose of identifying the disease resistance of the approved varieties. Wheat scab, wheat sheath blight, maize mildew and maize stem rot are important diseases in wheat and maize production in Anhui Province, and are also the main objects for identification of disease resistance of wheat and maize varieties. Screening and optimizing the storage conditions of the above disease pathogens is the basic work of the seed bank, which is of great significance. Based on the hyphae growth rate, sporulation and pathogenicity of the four kinds of bacteria, different storage temperature and different seed preservation base material were used in this paper. The effects of different water content of substrate and different storage time were tested to find out the best storage conditions of each pathogen and to serve for the identification of disease resistance of wheat and maize varieties and the breeding of disease resistance. The results are as follows: 1. The effect of different vacuum freeze drying time on the water content of four substrates (wheat, barley, corn, mung bean) was studied, and the relationship between vacuum freeze drying time and water content was obtained. The vacuum freeze-drying time was 22h-33h, and the moisture content of the solid medium was below 10%. Optimization selection of storage methods: studies on four kinds of solid culture medium of wheat, barley, corn and mung bean: after freeze-drying time of 0 h 11h ~ 33h ~ 55 h, it was stored in refrigerator at 4 鈩，

本文編號：1776012