本文選題：印度河-恒河平原 + 黃土　； 參考：《中國科學:地球科學》2017年02期

【摘要】：風成黃土堆積包含了豐富的古氣候演化信息,如中國黃土古環(huán)境研究在過去幾十年取得了重要進展.目前在印度地區(qū)黃土研究大都集中于其北部喜馬拉雅山南坡的Kashmir地區(qū),其他地區(qū)很少見到風成黃土的報道.通過對印度新德里-安格拉-齋普爾地區(qū)平原沉積物的地貌地形及沉積物地層的野外觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)其與大部分中國黃土古土壤序列相似,地層之間為過渡的漸變關系,不具有河流沖積物層理,且發(fā)育著明顯的土壤層次,說明印度河-恒河平原很有可能存在未被識別的風積黃土古土壤序列.為了進一步確定其存在性,本文對位于印度河-恒河平原的一處疑似黃土堆積進行了采樣及室內(nèi)分析,結(jié)果表明代表性樣品的粒度分布及稀土元素(REE)的配比模式與中國黃土極為相似,同時代表性樣品的單顆粒石英掃描電鏡(SEM)圖像顯示出新鮮的貝殼狀斷口、豐富的撞擊圓麻點、機械撞擊形成的碟型坑等風塵顆粒具有的特征.此外,環(huán)境磁學與巖石磁學實驗表明,樣品中的主導磁性礦物為亞鐵磁性的磁鐵礦及磁赤鐵礦,可能含有少量的赤鐵礦,并且其常溫磁學參數(shù)與中國黃土具有很好的可比性.綜合以上結(jié)果,我們認為印度河-恒河平原地區(qū)廣泛分布著風成黃土堆積,且黃土的存在可能促進了印度農(nóng)耕的發(fā)展,從而推動印度古文明的興起與繁榮.這也為日后對該地區(qū)地層中蘊含的古氣候信息解讀提供了新的更成熟的研究載體.
[Abstract]:Eolian loess accumulation contains abundant paleoclimate evolution information, such as the study of loess paleoenvironment in China has made important progress in the past few decades. At present, most of the loess studies in India are concentrated in the Kashmir area on the southern slope of the Himalayas in the north of India, and there are few reports of eolian loess in other regions. The geomorphological topography and sediment stratigraphy of the plain sediments in the Delhi-Angla-Jaipur area, India, are observed in the field. It is found that they are similar to most of the loess paleosol sequences in China, and there is a gradual transition relationship between them. There is no fluvial alluvial stratification and obvious soil layers which indicate that there is an unrecognized sequence of aeolian loess paleosols in Indus Ganges Plain. In order to further determine its existence, a suspected loess deposit in the Indus Ganges Plain is sampled and analyzed in laboratory. The results show that the grain size distribution and the REE (rare earth element) matching pattern of the representative samples are very similar to those of Chinese loess, and the single grain quartz scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the representative samples show fresh shell fracture and rich impact circle points. The characteristics of dust particles such as disk pits formed by mechanical impact. In addition, environmental magnetics and petromagnetic experiments show that the dominant magnetic minerals in the samples are ferromagnetic magnetite and maghemite, which may contain a small amount of hematite, and its magnetic parameters at room temperature are comparable with those of loess in China. On the basis of the above results, we think that wind-formed loess deposits are widely distributed in the Indu-Ganges plain, and the existence of loess may promote the development of Indian farming, thus promoting the rise and prosperity of Indian ancient civilization. This provides a new and more mature carrier for the interpretation of paleoclimate information contained in strata in this area.
【作者單位】： 福建師范大學地理研究所;濕潤亞熱帶山地生態(tài)國家重點實驗室培育基地;Department
【基金】：國家自然科學基金項目(批準號:41210002、U1405231和41602185)資助
【分類號】：S151

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本文編號：1775858