發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-19 07:53

  本文選題：長期施肥 + 棕壤��； 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤團(tuán)聚體是土壤結(jié)構(gòu)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)和肥力的重要載體,其組成與穩(wěn)定性受生物與非生物因素的共同影響。長期施用有機(jī)肥和化肥均能夠在不同程度上影響土壤團(tuán)聚體的組成,同時(shí)使土壤生物的生境發(fā)生改變,進(jìn)而對土壤養(yǎng)分的分布和有效性產(chǎn)生影響。本研究依托沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)棕壤長期定位試驗(yàn)站(26年),并選取對照、單施氮肥、單施有機(jī)肥和有機(jī)肥配施氮肥四個(gè)施肥處理,采用干篩法分離出四種不同粒徑大小(2 mm,1～ 2 mm,0.25-1 mm和0.25mm)的團(tuán)聚體,分析了各團(tuán)聚體中的主要養(yǎng)分狀況,包括土壤有機(jī)碳、主要全量養(yǎng)分、速效養(yǎng)分以及土壤pH值和陽離子交換量,旨在研究長期不同施肥處理對不同粒級(jí)土壤團(tuán)聚體組成的影響,明確不同施肥條件下有機(jī)碳及氮、磷、鉀元素在團(tuán)聚體中的分布特征,探討了團(tuán)聚體數(shù)量與土壤養(yǎng)分儲(chǔ)量和團(tuán)聚體穩(wěn)定性之間的關(guān)系。研究結(jié)果表明：(1)不同施肥處理?xiàng)l件下土壤團(tuán)聚體均以0.25～1 mm為優(yōu)勢粒級(jí)。與對照相比,有機(jī)肥施用與有機(jī)無機(jī)配施增加了大團(tuán)聚體(0.25mm)含量,提高了團(tuán)聚體的平均重量直徑(MWD)和幾何平均直徑(GMD)值,增強(qiáng)了土壤的團(tuán)聚程度,有利于土壤的結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性形成；而無機(jī)肥處理則增加了微團(tuán)聚體(0.25mm)含量,降低了土壤團(tuán)聚化程度,使土壤結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性下降。(2)有機(jī)肥處理和有機(jī)無機(jī)配施處理增加了各粒級(jí)團(tuán)聚體的有機(jī)碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)和全鉀(TK)含量,但各粒級(jí)養(yǎng)分含量增加的程度并不一致,其中大團(tuán)聚體(0.25mm)中增加較多；各處理下大團(tuán)聚體較微團(tuán)聚體中有更高的有機(jī)碳、全氮、全磷和全鉀儲(chǔ)量。(3)有機(jī)肥單施和有機(jī)無機(jī)配施處理下土壤各粒級(jí)的堿解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)和速效鉀(AK)含量較對照和無機(jī)肥處理均有所提高。AN含量隨團(tuán)聚體粒徑增加而降低；AP含量隨團(tuán)聚體粒徑變化不顯著,AK隨團(tuán)聚體粒徑增加而增加。另外,有機(jī)肥和有機(jī)無機(jī)配施均可提高各粒級(jí)陽離子交換量(CEC),而無機(jī)肥處理則降低了各粒級(jí)土壤CEC,但相同處理不同粒級(jí)間CEC差異不顯著(P0.05)。(4)土壤總有機(jī)碳、全氮和全磷儲(chǔ)量均與2 mm團(tuán)聚體含量呈顯著正相關(guān)(P0.05)。2 mm.1～2 mm團(tuán)聚體含量和平均重量直徑(MWD)、幾何平均直徑(GMD)呈顯著正相關(guān)(P0.05),其中2mm團(tuán)聚體含量與MWD、GMD達(dá)到極顯著正相關(guān)(P0.01)。因此,在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中可以施用有機(jī)肥來改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、提高土壤肥力。
[Abstract]:Soil aggregate is the material basis of soil structure and the important carrier of fertility. Its composition and stability are affected by both biological and abiotic factors.Long-term application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can affect the composition of soil aggregates in varying degrees and change the habitat of soil organisms thus affecting the distribution and availability of soil nutrients.This study relied on the long-term location test station of brown soil of Shenyang Agricultural University (26 years), and selected four treatments: single application of nitrogen fertilizer, single application of organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer.Four kinds of aggregates with different diameters (2 mm ~ 2 mm ~ 0.25 mm and 0.25 mm) were separated by dry sieve method. The main nutrient status of each aggregate was analyzed, including soil organic carbon, main total nutrients, available nutrients, soil pH value and cation exchange capacity.The purpose of this study was to study the effects of long-term fertilization on the composition of soil aggregates at different grain levels, and to determine the distribution characteristics of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the aggregates under different fertilization conditions.The relationship between aggregate quantity and soil nutrient storage and aggregate stability was discussed.The results showed that the dominant grain size of soil aggregates was 0.251mm under different fertilization treatments.Compared with the control, the application of organic fertilizer and organic inorganic fertilizer increased the content of large aggregates (0.25mm), increased the mean weight diameters (MWD) and geometric mean diameters (GMDs) of aggregates, and enhanced the degree of soil agglomeration.The inorganic fertilizer treatment increased the content of micro-aggregate 0.25mm and reduced the degree of soil agglomeration.The soil structure stability was decreased by organic fertilizer treatment and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer. The contents of organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TNN), total phosphorus (TK) and total potassium (TK) were increased by organic fertilizer treatment and organic and inorganic fertilizer treatment, but the increase of nutrient content was not consistent with each grain level.There was a higher organic carbon, total nitrogen, total nitrogen in the large aggregate than in the microaggregate under each treatment, the content of organic carbon was higher than that of the microaggregate, and the content of total nitrogen was higher than that of the microaggregate.Total phosphorus and total potassium reserves. 3) the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen ANN, available phosphorus and available K _ (k) in each grain of soil under organic fertilizer alone and organic-inorganic fertilizer treatments were higher than those of the control and inorganic fertilizer treatments. An content increased with the increase of aggregate size.The decrease of AP content with the change of aggregate particle size was not significant. AK increased with the increase of aggregate particle size.In addition, organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic combination could increase cationic exchange capacity (CEC) of each grain, but inorganic fertilizer treatment could decrease CEC in each grain-grade soil, but there was no significant difference in CEC between different grains in the same treatment (P0.05N. P0.05N. 4) soil total organic carbon (TOC).The total nitrogen and total phosphorus reserves were positively correlated with the content of 2 mm aggregates (P0.05 ~ (2)) and the mean weight diameter (mm.1~2), and the geometric mean diameters (GMD) showed a significant positive correlation (P _ (0.05)), among which the content of 2mm aggregates was significantly positively correlated with the content of 2mm aggregates (P _ (0.01)).Therefore, organic fertilizer can be applied to improve soil structure and soil fertility in agricultural production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S158

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 高飛;賈志寬;韓清芳;楊寶平;聶俊峰;;有機(jī)肥不同施用量對寧南土壤團(tuán)聚體粒級(jí)分布和穩(wěn)定性的影響[J];干旱地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)研究;2010年03期

2 文倩,關(guān)欣;土壤團(tuán)聚體形成的研究進(jìn)展[J];干旱區(qū)研究;2004年04期

3 王玉杰;王云琦;夏一平;何正明;蔣成;張生濤;;重慶縉云山典型林分土壤結(jié)構(gòu)分形特征[J];中國水土保持科學(xué);2006年04期

4 袁穎紅,李輝信,黃欠如,胡鋒,潘根興;不同施肥處理對紅壤性水稻土微團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳匯的影響[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2004年12期

5 安婷婷;汪景寬;李雙異;;施肥對棕壤團(tuán)聚體組成及團(tuán)聚體中有機(jī)碳分布的影響[J];沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2007年03期

6 楊如萍;郭賢仕;呂軍峰;侯慧芝;郭天文;;不同耕作和種植模式對土壤團(tuán)聚體分布及穩(wěn)定性的影響[J];水土保持學(xué)報(bào);2010年01期

7 王清奎,汪思龍;土壤團(tuán)聚體形成與穩(wěn)定機(jī)制及影響因素[J];土壤通報(bào);2005年03期

8 劉曉利;何園球;李成亮;姜燦爛;陳平幫;;不同利用方式旱地紅壤水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體及其碳、氮、磷分布特征[J];土壤學(xué)報(bào);2009年02期

9 姜燦爛;何園球;劉曉利;陳平幫;王艷玲;李輝信;;長期施用有機(jī)肥對旱地紅壤團(tuán)聚體結(jié)構(gòu)與穩(wěn)定性的影響[J];土壤學(xué)報(bào);2010年04期

10 竇森;李凱;關(guān)松;;土壤團(tuán)聚體中有機(jī)質(zhì)研究進(jìn)展[J];土壤學(xué)報(bào);2011年02期

，

本文編號(hào)：1772223