本文選題：草地生態(tài)補償 + 生態(tài)補償績效評價�。� 參考：《蘭州大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：甘南牧區(qū)是我國重要的草原畜牧業(yè)生產地和生態(tài)安全屏障。但受自然和人類經濟活動的過度干擾,草地退化嚴重,導致甘南牧區(qū)草地的生態(tài)服務功能減弱,對地區(qū)乃至國家造成了很大的經濟損失,也時刻威脅著國家的生態(tài)安全。面對草地退化的嚴峻現(xiàn)實,國家在甘南牧區(qū)實施了一些大的生態(tài)保護和建設項目,特別是2011年開始實施的第一輪草原生態(tài)補獎政策,對恢復甘南牧區(qū)退化草地、提高牧區(qū)廣大牧民的生活質量和促進牧區(qū)經濟發(fā)展具有重要的促進作用。但草地生態(tài)補償政策在甘南牧區(qū)實施5年來的績效如何,需要對其進行科學的評價來客觀準確地反映草地生態(tài)補償政策取得的績效,及時發(fā)現(xiàn)政策實施過程中存在的問題,以便完善和改進現(xiàn)行的草地生態(tài)補償政策,為牧區(qū)草地資源的可持續(xù)利用與管理決策提供參考。本研究以甘南牧區(qū)為研究對象,在分析甘南牧區(qū)草地資源特征、現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展態(tài)勢及牧區(qū)經濟社會發(fā)展水平的基礎上,構建了基于草地生態(tài)功能、生活功能、生產功能和政策指標完成度的草地生態(tài)補償績效評價指標體系,該體系由4個二級指標和29個三級指標組成。草地生態(tài)補償績效評價方法采用加權線性模型和雙重差分(DID)模型,從空間區(qū)域和時間動態(tài)兩個維度,對草地生態(tài)補償績效進行評價。并對甘南州瑪曲縣2011年—2015年實施草原補獎政策以來的績效進行了實證分析。評價結果為:瑪曲縣的生態(tài)功能、生產功能、生活功能和補償政策完成度績效指數分別為:14.22、5.25、17.37和19.69,綜合得分為62.83。表明瑪曲縣在實施草原補獎政策5年以來,草地覆蓋率和生產力得到一定程度的提高,草地生態(tài)環(huán)境得到了改善,草地載畜力下降,牧民的基本生活和生產條件得到了較大的改善。但草地生產力水平恢復較緩慢,生產力水平還處于較低的水平,與草地的理論載畜量還存在一定的差距。人工草地面積比例、草地退化面積比例、生態(tài)移民人口占總人口比例和牧民科技培訓、牧區(qū)基礎公共設施水平、牧民科技培訓和草原監(jiān)測管理水平等方面與預期目標還存在一定的差距和不足。根據草地生態(tài)補償績效評價結果,針對存在的問題,從完善草地生態(tài)補償機制、加強牧民草地經營管理與就業(yè)技能培訓和完善牧區(qū)草地流轉市場建設等方面,提出了甘南牧區(qū)草地可持續(xù)發(fā)展的對策與建議。
[Abstract]:Gannan pastoral area is an important grassland animal husbandry production area and ecological security barrier.However, due to the excessive interference of natural and human economic activities, grassland degradation is serious, which leads to the weakening of ecological service function of grassland in Gannan pastoral area, which causes great economic losses to the region and even to the country, and also threatens the ecological security of the country.Facing the severe reality of grassland degradation, the state has implemented some large ecological protection and construction projects in Gannan pastoral areas, especially the first round of grassland ecological compensation policy, which began in 2011, to restore degraded grasslands in Gannan pastoral areas.Improving the quality of life of herdsmen in pastoral areas and promoting economic development in pastoral areas play an important role in promoting the quality of life of herdsmen.However, the performance of grassland ecological compensation policy in Gannan pastoral area in the past 5 years needs to be evaluated scientifically to reflect the achievement of grassland ecological compensation policy objectively and accurately, and to find out the problems existing in the implementation of the policy.In order to perfect and improve the current grassland ecological compensation policy and provide reference for sustainable utilization and management of grassland resources in pastoral areas.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics, present situation, development situation and the level of economic and social development of grassland resources in Gannan pastoral area, the ecological function and life function of grassland were constructed.The performance evaluation index system of grassland ecological compensation is composed of 4 secondary indexes and 29 third grade indexes.The performance evaluation method of grassland ecological compensation is based on weighted linear model and double differential DID-based model. The performance of grassland ecological compensation is evaluated from two dimensions of spatial region and time dynamics.The paper also makes an empirical analysis on the performance of Maqu County, Gannan State, since the implementation of the grassland compensation Policy from 2011 to 2015.The results are as follows: the performance index of ecological function, production function, living function and compensation policy completion of Maqu county are respectively: 1. 14.225.25 / 17.37 and 19.69respectively, and the comprehensive score is 62.83.The results show that the grassland coverage and productivity have been improved, the grassland ecological environment has been improved, and the stocking capacity of grassland has decreased since the implementation of the policy of grassland compensation award in Maqu County for 5 years.Herdsmen's basic living and production conditions have been greatly improved.But the recovery of grassland productivity level was slow and the productivity level was still at a low level, and there was still a certain gap between grassland productivity level and the theoretical livestock capacity of grassland.Proportion of artificial grassland area, proportion of grassland degradation area, proportion of ecological immigrant population to total population, science and technology training of herdsmen, level of basic public facilities in pastoral areas,There are still some gaps and deficiencies between herdsmen's science and technology training and grassland monitoring and management level.According to the results of performance evaluation of grassland ecological compensation, in order to solve the existing problems, we should improve the grassland ecological compensation mechanism, strengthen the training of grassland management and employment skills of herdsmen, and improve the market construction of grassland circulation in pastoral areas.The countermeasures and suggestions for sustainable development of grassland in Gannan pastoral area were put forward.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F812.8;F323.2;S812

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