本文選題：秸稈深還 + 土壤物理性質(zhì)��； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：秸稈深還對(duì)改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu),提升土壤有機(jī)質(zhì),增加根區(qū)養(yǎng)分儲(chǔ)量,促進(jìn)作物根系發(fā)育和增加作物產(chǎn)量具有重要意義。探究秸稈深還對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)和根系養(yǎng)分空間變異的影響機(jī)制,旨在了解秸稈深還養(yǎng)分運(yùn)移機(jī)理和空間分布規(guī)律,為合理利用秸稈資源實(shí)踐提供理論支撐。本文通過小區(qū)試驗(yàn)和大田試驗(yàn),設(shè)CK(對(duì)照)、CS1(秸稈淺施)、CS2(秸稈深還CSDI)、TF(傳統(tǒng)耕作)、SNT(留茬免耕)、CS(秸稈深還)6種處理。建立根區(qū)土壤立體模型和坐標(biāo)系,采用三維空間取樣的方法研究了在垂直方向和水平方向上黑土耕層根區(qū)速效N、P、K養(yǎng)分的空間分布。結(jié)果表明:(1)秸稈還田后土壤緊實(shí)度和容重降低,土壤含水量、持水量和孔隙度增加;秸稈深還較秸稈淺施、傳統(tǒng)耕作和留茬免耕相比對(duì)土壤物理性質(zhì)改善作用更明顯。(2)秸稈還田后土壤和腐殖質(zhì)各組分有機(jī)碳含量、HA的ΔlgK值增加,秸稈深還較秸稈淺施相比增加效果更顯著。(3)垂直分布上,秸稈深還對(duì)表層土壤速效N、P、K的含量影響不大,對(duì)深層土壤(10~25cm)具有明顯的增加作用,且增加幅度隨著深度的增加而增加。水平分布上,距離玉米主根越近,秸稈深還對(duì)養(yǎng)分的增加作用越明顯。(4)垂直分布上,秸稈深還對(duì)表層土壤含水率影響不大,對(duì)深層土壤(10~25cm)具有明顯的增加作用,且增加幅度隨著深度的增加而增加;水平分布上,距離玉米主根越近,秸稈深還對(duì)含水量的增加作用越明顯。(5)垂直方向上,根區(qū)土壤有機(jī)碳含量隨剖面深度(0~25cm)增加而減小,隨與主根距離減小而減少,秸稈深還處理的變化幅度較對(duì)照處理更明顯;在水平分布上,隨距離主根越近,有機(jī)碳含量越低,秸稈深還處理降低的幅度加大。垂直方向上,秸稈深還對(duì)表層土壤有機(jī)碳含量影響不大,對(duì)深層土壤(10~25cm)具有明顯的增加作用。水平方向上,距離玉米主根越近,秸稈深還對(duì)有機(jī)碳的減少作用越明顯。(6)在垂直分布上,根區(qū)根系的生長(zhǎng)隨剖面深度增加而增加,秸稈深還對(duì)表層根系的生長(zhǎng)影響不大,在15~20cm土層達(dá)到最大;在水平分布上,隨距離主根距離的減小而增加。距離玉米主根越近,秸稈深還對(duì)作物根系生長(zhǎng)的改善作用越明顯。(7)用三維立體取樣研究根區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分分布是可行的,研究結(jié)果為秸稈深還養(yǎng)分運(yùn)移機(jī)理和空間分布提供理論依據(jù),也為進(jìn)行秸稈深還實(shí)踐提供支撐。
[Abstract]:Straw depth also plays an important role in improving soil structure, enhancing soil organic matter, increasing nutrient storage in root region, promoting crop root development and increasing crop yield.The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism and spatial distribution of straws' nutrient transfer, and to provide theoretical support for the practice of rational utilization of straw resources.In this paper, through plot experiment and field experiment, six kinds of treatments were set up, namely CK (control) CS1 (control straw application) CS2 (straw depth and CSDIN) TF( traditional tillage) SNTs (stubble no-tillage) CSS (straw depth was also added to CS2).Three dimensional spatial sampling method was used to study the spatial distribution of available N ~ (2 +) P ~ (1 +) K nutrients in the root zone of black soil in vertical and horizontal directions.The results showed that the soil compactness and bulk density decreased, the soil moisture content, water holding capacity and porosity increased, and the straw depth was applied to the surface of the straw.The effect of traditional tillage and stubble no-tillage on the improvement of soil physical properties was more obvious. (2) the 螖 lgK value of soil and humus organic carbon content and HA in soil and humus components were increased after straw was returned to the field, and the effect of straw depth was more significant than that of straw shallow application.The straw depth also had little effect on the content of available N ~ (2 +) P ~ (+) K in the surface soil, but obviously increased the content of 10 ~ 10 ~ (25 cm) N ~ (2 +) in the deep soil, and the increasing range increased with the increase of the depth.In the horizontal distribution, the closer to the main root of maize, the more obvious the effect of straw depth on the increase of nutrient.) the vertical distribution of straw depth also had little effect on the surface soil moisture content, but had obvious increasing effect on the deep soil layer of 1010 ~ 25 cm).In horizontal distribution, the more close to the main root of maize, the more obvious the effect of straw depth on water content increased in vertical direction, and the soil organic carbon content in root zone decreased with the increase of profile depth (0 ~ 25 cm).With the decrease of the distance to the main root, the range of the change of the straw depth was more obvious than that of the control treatment; in the horizontal distribution, the lower the organic carbon content was, the lower the organic carbon content was, and the greater the decrease of the straw depth was in the horizontal distribution.In the vertical direction, the straw depth had little effect on the organic carbon content in the topsoil, but it could obviously increase the organic carbon content in the deep soil (10 ~ 25 cm).In the horizontal direction, the closer to the main roots of maize, the more obvious the effect of straw depth on the reduction of organic carbon.) in the vertical distribution, the root growth of root zone increased with the depth of the profile, and the growth of the surface root system was not affected by the straw depth.In the 15~20cm soil layer, the maximum is reached, and the horizontal distribution increases with the decrease of the distance from the main root.The closer it is to the main roots of maize, the better the effect of straw depth on the growth of crop roots is.) it is feasible to study the distribution of soil nutrients in root zone by three-dimensional sampling.The results provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism and spatial distribution of nutrient transport in straw depth, and also provide support for the practice of straw depth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S158;S153

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