發(fā)布時間：2018-04-16 18:49

  本文選題：鹽堿荒地 + 大同盆地��； 參考：《山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地鹽堿化是土壤中的可溶性鹽分積累到一定程度使得土壤肥力嚴(yán)重下降,而使農(nóng)作物低產(chǎn)或不能生長的現(xiàn)象。鹽堿荒地是由于土地鹽堿化和次生鹽堿化而形成的一種土地類型,由于地力低下而無法耕種作物,但如果施以適當(dāng)?shù)母牧即胧?是極具發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ耐恋睾髠滟Y源。對鹽堿荒地的空間分異特征進(jìn)行分析,并提出利用規(guī)劃措施,對開發(fā)鹽堿荒地的利用潛力,以及緩解土地利用壓力具有一定意義。本文以山西省北部的大同盆地鹽堿荒地為研究區(qū),分析其空間分異特征,并根據(jù)空間分異特征提出鹽堿荒地的治理措施并進(jìn)行概括性的利用規(guī)劃。大同盆地鹽堿荒地位于大同市和朔州市界內(nèi),由于河流兩岸地下水位高,地勢低平排水不暢,因此鹽堿荒地主要沿桑干河流域和洋河流域的河漫灘及河流一級階地分布。整合大同盆地鹽堿荒地調(diào)查中的1729個采樣點數(shù)據(jù)、DEM、TM數(shù)據(jù)、2013年山西省統(tǒng)計年鑒、土地利用現(xiàn)狀等,對影響鹽堿荒地形成的因素進(jìn)行分析,從地形、地質(zhì)地貌、水文、土壤等自然因素角度,分析其對鹽堿荒地空間分異特征形成的影響。建立鹽堿程度評價體系,選取土壤全鹽量、pH、有機質(zhì)、地下水位和地下水礦化度作為數(shù)值型評價指標(biāo),坡度、質(zhì)地構(gòu)型、鹽堿類型、土地利用現(xiàn)狀和水資源情況作為概念型評價指標(biāo),對其進(jìn)行無量綱標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,確定指標(biāo)權(quán)重使用層次分析法,最后利用綜合評價法計算鹽堿荒地綜合評價指數(shù),將大同盆地鹽堿荒地開發(fā)利用評價等級分為六級,其中一級和二級鹽堿荒地鹽堿程度最輕,各占鹽堿荒地總面積的12.10%和16.07%,土地開發(fā)利用適宜性相對其他等級較高,開發(fā)潛力最大；三級和四級所占面積最大,為23.58%和21.67%,其土壤理化性狀具有鹽堿荒地的典型特點,應(yīng)作為鹽堿荒地治理的重點;五級和六級面積占18.07%和8.51%,鹽堿程度重,難以改良。將影響鹽堿荒地形成的自然因素以及鹽堿程度的評價結(jié)果相結(jié)合,對特征不同的區(qū)域分區(qū),把大同盆地鹽堿荒地分為三個開發(fā)利用區(qū)域,分別為宜耕地區(qū)、宜林草區(qū)和其他利用區(qū)。針對各分區(qū)的特征進(jìn)行利用規(guī)劃,解決兩大積鹽中心的鹽堿化問題,提出農(nóng)藝和工程措施方面的治理建議。
[Abstract]:Soil salinization is a phenomenon that the accumulation of soluble salt in the soil to a certain extent leads to a serious decline in soil fertility, which results in low yield or no growth of crops.Saline-alkali wasteland is a kind of land type formed by salinization and secondary salinization of land. It is impossible to cultivate crops because of low soil fertility, but if appropriate improvement measures are applied, it is a potential land reserve resource.The spatial differentiation characteristics of saline-alkali wasteland are analyzed, and the planning measures are put forward, which are of significance to develop the utilization potential of saline-alkali wasteland and to alleviate the pressure of land use.In this paper, the saline-alkali wasteland in the northern part of Shanxi Province is taken as the study area, and its spatial differentiation characteristics are analyzed. According to the spatial differentiation characteristics, the treatment measures of saline-alkali wasteland are put forward and the general utilization planning is carried out.The saline-alkali wasteland in Datong basin is located in the boundary of Datong city and Shuozhou city. Because of the high groundwater level on both sides of the river and the low level drainage, the saline-alkali wasteland mainly distributes along the floodplain and the first-order river terrace of the Sanggan River basin and the Yanghe River basin.Integrating the data of 1729 sampling sites in the survey of saline-alkali wasteland in Datong Basin, the statistical yearbook of Shanxi Province in 2013, the present situation of land use, etc., the factors influencing the formation of saline-alkali wasteland are analyzed, including topography, geology and geomorphology, hydrology, etc.The influence of soil and other natural factors on the formation of spatial differentiation characteristics of saline-alkali wasteland was analyzed.The evaluation system of salinization degree was established, and the soil total salt amount (pH), organic matter, groundwater level and groundwater salinity were selected as numerical evaluation indexes, slope, texture, salt alkali type, and so on.The present situation of land use and the situation of water resources are used as the conceptual evaluation indexes, and the dimensionless standardization is carried out, and the weight of the indexes is determined by the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, the comprehensive evaluation index of saline-alkali wasteland is calculated by using the comprehensive evaluation method.The evaluation level of saline-alkali wasteland development and utilization in Datong Basin is divided into six levels, among which the first and second grade saline-alkali wasteland is the least saline-alkali, accounting for 12.10% and 16.07% of the total saline-alkali wasteland area, respectively. The suitability of land exploitation and utilization is higher than other grades.The third and fourth grades occupied the largest area of 23.58% and 21.67% respectively. The soil physical and chemical properties had the typical characteristics of saline-alkali wasteland, which should be regarded as the focal point of saline-alkali barren land treatment, and the fifth and sixth grade areas accounted for 18.07% and 8.51% of the saline-alkali wasteland, so the saline-alkali degree was heavy and it was difficult to improve the soil physical and chemical properties.By combining the natural factors affecting the formation of saline-alkali wasteland and the evaluation results of saline-alkali degree, the saline-alkali wasteland in Datong Basin is divided into three regions, which are suitable for cultivation.Suitable forest grass and other utilization areas.According to the characteristics of each district, the utilization planning is carried out to solve the salinization problem of the two major salt accumulation centers, and some suggestions on the management of agronomy and engineering measures are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S156.4

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