本文選題：涌泉根灌 + 土壤初始含水率��； 參考：《水土保持學(xué)報》2017年04期

【摘要】：為了探究涌泉根灌水肥一體化灌溉在不同土壤初始含水率下水氮運(yùn)移特性,通過室內(nèi)肥液入滲試驗,研究了不同土壤初始含水率(4.13%,7.21%,8.77%,11.06%,14.01%)條件下入滲特性、濕潤鋒運(yùn)移、土壤水分以及銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮的運(yùn)移特性,建立了涌泉根灌累積入滲量、各向濕潤鋒運(yùn)移距離與不同土壤初始含水率之間的關(guān)系,提出了不同初始含水率下涌泉根灌累積入滲量、各向濕潤鋒運(yùn)移距離的經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｐ�。結(jié)果表明:累積入滲量、各向濕潤鋒運(yùn)移距離以及濕潤體內(nèi)水分和氮素的分布、轉(zhuǎn)化等均不同程度地受到土壤初始含水率的影響。同一時刻條件下,累積入滲量隨著土壤初始含水率的增大而減小,而濕潤鋒運(yùn)移距離卻呈現(xiàn)出增大的趨勢;土壤初始含水率越大,濕潤體體積越大,濕潤體內(nèi)水分、銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮的分布范圍越廣泛;距離灌水器出水孔越近,土壤中的銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮含量越高。入滲系數(shù)K隨著土壤初始含水率的增大而減小,入滲指數(shù)α隨著土壤初始含水率的增大而增大;水平濕潤鋒擬合參數(shù)a、b均隨土壤初始含水率的增大而增大,豎直向下濕潤鋒運(yùn)移指數(shù)c隨著土壤初始含水率的增大而增大,入滲指數(shù)d隨著土壤初始含水率的增大而減小。隨著土壤水分再分布的持續(xù)進(jìn)行,濕潤體內(nèi)水分分布越加均勻,采用克里斯琴森均勻系數(shù)Cu評價灌水結(jié)束、再分布1,3天條件下濕潤體內(nèi)水分分布均勻度依次為61.99%,74.27%和83.60%;濕潤體內(nèi)銨態(tài)氮含量逐漸減小,但銨態(tài)氮的分布區(qū)域基本無變化;濕潤體內(nèi)硝態(tài)氮分布區(qū)域變大,平均值呈增大,最值區(qū)域有下移趨勢。研究成果為進(jìn)一步研究涌泉根灌水氮高效利用技術(shù)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the characteristics of nitrogen and water transport in different initial soil moisture content in Yongquan root irrigation and fertilizer integration irrigation, the infiltration characteristics and wet front migration of different initial soil moisture content were studied under the condition of different initial soil moisture content 4.13 ~ 7.21% ~ 8.77 ~ 11.06% ~ 14.01%).Based on the characteristics of soil moisture, ammonium and nitrate transport, the relationship between the cumulative infiltration of Yongquan root irrigation, the distance of moisture front migration and the initial moisture content of different soils was established.An empirical model for the cumulative infiltration of root irrigation and the migration distance of each wetting front under different initial water content was proposed.The results showed that the cumulative infiltration amount, the migration distance to the wetting front, the distribution of water and nitrogen in the wetting body, and the transformation were all affected by the initial moisture content of the soil in varying degrees.At the same time, the cumulative infiltration decreased with the increase of initial soil moisture content, but the distance of moisture front migration showed an increasing trend, the larger the initial moisture content of soil, the larger the volume of wetted body and the moisture in the moist body.The distribution range of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is wider, and the more close to the outlet of irrigated water, the higher the content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil.The infiltration coefficient K decreases with the increase of the initial soil moisture content, the infiltration index 偽 increases with the increase of the initial soil moisture content, and the horizontal wetting front fitting parameter ab increases with the increase of the initial soil moisture content.The vertical downward moisture front migration index c increased with the increase of initial soil moisture content, and the infiltration index d decreased with the increase of soil initial moisture content.With the continuous redistribution of soil water, the moisture distribution in the moist body became more and more uniform, and the Christiansen uniform coefficient Cu was used to evaluate the end of irrigation.The distribution uniformity of water in moist body was 61.9974.27% and 83.600.The content of ammonium nitrogen in moist body gradually decreased, but the distribution area of ammonium nitrogen remained unchanged, the distribution area of nitrate nitrogen in moist body became larger and the average value increased.The maximum region has a downward trend.The results laid a foundation for further study on the technology of irrigation and nitrogen efficient utilization in Yongquan root.
【作者單位】： 西安理工大學(xué)水利水電學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家重點研發(fā)計劃課題項目(2016YFC0400204) 國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51279157,51479161) 國家農(nóng)業(yè)公益項目(201203003)
【分類號】：S152.7;S153

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