本文選題：蚯蚓堆肥 + 城市生活污泥��； 參考：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市生活污泥含有豐富的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),經(jīng)蚯蚓處理后可以作為農(nóng)用有機(jī)肥。蚯蚓堆肥過程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的水溶性有機(jī)物(DOM),隨污泥施用于土壤中會(huì)對(duì)氮素循環(huán)系統(tǒng)造成影響。因此對(duì)污泥蚓糞中DOM施入土壤后氮素轉(zhuǎn)化的研究是至關(guān)重要的。本文用蚯蚓堆肥法處理城市生活污泥,對(duì)堆肥前后污泥中水溶性有機(jī)物的分子量分布、極性組分和光譜學(xué)的變化進(jìn)行了研究。并選取污泥蚓糞DOM中的代表性單糖和氨基酸施于土壤中,探討了培養(yǎng)過程中土壤理化性質(zhì)、氮素指標(biāo)以及土壤潛在硝化速率(PNR)的變化,并利用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR方法分析了外源有機(jī)物對(duì)土壤氨氧化菌氨單加氧酶基因(amoA)豐度的影響,進(jìn)一步探討了外源有機(jī)物對(duì)氮素轉(zhuǎn)化的作用機(jī)制,為污泥的資源化再利用提供理論基礎(chǔ)。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)極性分析、分子量分級(jí)結(jié)果表明,蚯蚓處理后污泥DOM中小于300Da的組分含量高出對(duì)照組污泥6.5%,大于8000Da的組分則少了 56.3%;疏水性組分比例高出對(duì)照組50.8%。光譜分析表明,試驗(yàn)組中均存在羧酸、芳香族物質(zhì)等,且經(jīng)蚯蚓處理后污泥的DOM中蛋白質(zhì)含量及分子量降低,多糖和芳香族物質(zhì)含量增加。熒光光譜顯示原始污泥中含有大量蛋白質(zhì)和腐殖質(zhì),經(jīng)過120天降解生成色氨酸、酪氨酸、葡萄糖等物質(zhì),且處理組腐殖化程度高于對(duì)照組。污泥中DOM經(jīng)蚯蚓處理后濃度更小,污泥降解速度更快。通過上述分析,選取處理污泥(蚓糞)DOM中典型物質(zhì)酪氨酸、葡萄糖作為后續(xù)土壤氮素轉(zhuǎn)化試驗(yàn)的外源添加物。(2)外源有機(jī)物添加至土壤結(jié)果表明,與無蚓糞的土壤(BK)相比,施加蚓糞能有效提升土壤肥力,降低土壤pH值,顯著提高土壤電導(dǎo)率。酪氨酸的施加對(duì)土壤中有機(jī)氮的礦化作用產(chǎn)生了抑制,礦化量與酪氨酸添加量成反比;而添加葡萄糖則有促進(jìn)作用,且礦化量隨葡萄糖劑量的增加而增大。添加酪氨酸和葡萄糖均對(duì)土壤硝化率產(chǎn)生抑制,且同劑量添加的葡萄糖的抑制作用高于酪氨酸62.2%。研究表明蚓糞中DOM成分和含量對(duì)土壤礦化量和硝化率的影響均有顯著性差異(P0.05),體系中有機(jī)物的添加可以減少硝酸鹽淋洗損失,促進(jìn)土壤對(duì)氮素的保肥作用。(3)添加外源水溶性有機(jī)物后對(duì)土壤的PNR和微生物群落中氨氧化古菌(AOA)和氨氧化細(xì)菌(AOB)的amoA基因拷貝數(shù)的分析結(jié)果顯示,外源DOM可以顯著抑制土壤PNR;土壤PNR與土壤礦化量有顯著的正相關(guān)(P0.05),但與硝化率無顯著性關(guān)系。土壤中AOA和AOB amoA基因豐度遠(yuǎn)高于對(duì)照組(CK),說明外源DOM可以顯著促進(jìn)土壤中AOA和AOB氨氧化過程的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平。添加葡萄糖的土壤AOA與AOB表現(xiàn)出相似的變化趨勢(shì),而添加酪氨酸的趨勢(shì)則不同。酪氨酸組AOA、AOB與土壤硝化率之間均存在顯著性負(fù)相關(guān)、而與酪氨酸添加量成顯著性正相關(guān),葡萄糖組僅AOB與礦化量、PNR等存在顯著正相關(guān)(P0.05)。同一外源有機(jī)物的不同添加劑量對(duì)土壤PNR抑制率和amoA基因拷貝數(shù)的影響均有極顯著差異(P0.01)。
[Abstract]:City sewage sludge contains abundant nutrients, after vermicomposting can be used as agricultural fertilizer. The process of vermicomposting will produce a large amount of water soluble organic matter (DOM), with the sludge applied to soil will affect the nitrogen cycle system. So the sludge vermicompost application of DOM transformation of nitrogen in soil after is very important. With the treatment of city domestic sludge earthworm composting method in this paper, the distribution of molecules before and after composting sludge of water soluble organic compounds, changes of polar components and spectroscopy were studied. And the selection of sludge vermicompost in DOM of monosaccharide and amino acid in the soil, discusses the cultivation process the physical and chemical properties of soil, soil nitrogen index and potential nitrification rate (PNR) changes, and using the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis of exogenous organic matter on soil ammonia oxidizing bacteria and ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene abundance The effect, to further explore the mechanism of exogenous organic matter on nitrogen transformation and provide a theoretical basis for the sludge resource reuse. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) polar analysis, the classification results of molecular weight indicated that the earthworm treatment sludge after DOM less than 300Da content higher than that of the control group is greater than 6.5% of sludge. 8000Da components less than 56.3%; the hydrophobic fraction ratio higher than that of the control group 50.8%. spectroscopic analysis showed that there were a carboxylic acid group, aromatic substances, and the protein content and molecular earthworm treatment sludge after DOM decreased, increased polysaccharide and aromatic substance content. Fluorescence spectra show that the original sludge contains a lot of protein and humus, degraded after 120 days of tryptophan, tyrosine, glucose and other substances, and the treatment group than the control group. The degree of humification of sludge in DOM after vermicomposting concentration, sludge degradation rate Faster. Through the above analysis, selection of sludge (vermicompost) typical substance tyrosine DOM, glucose as the soil nitrogen transformation test of Exogenous Additives. (2) exogenous organic matter added to soil. The results showed that the soil and vermicompost (BK) compared with applying vermicompost can effectively improve soil fertility, reduce the pH value of soil, increase soil conductivity. Tyrosine mineralization of organic nitrogen applied in soil have inhibited mineralization and tyrosine addition inversely; and adding glucose is promoted, and the increase of mineralization with glucose dose increased. Addition of tyrosine and glucose on soil nitrification inhibition rate, and inhibit the same dose of glucose added is higher than that of tyrosine 62.2%. studies showed that vermicompost DOM composition and content of soil mineralization and nitrification rate had significant difference (P0.05) system. The organic addition can reduce nitrate leaching loss of nitrogen fertilizer to promote soil effect. (3) the addition of exogenous dissolved organic matter on the soil PNR and microbial community in ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) amoA gene copy number analysis results show that exogenous DOM can significantly inhibit soil PNR; there is a significant positive correlation between soil PNR and soil mineralization amount (P0.05), but no significant relationship with the rate of nitrification in soil. AOA and AOB amoA gene abundance was much higher than that of the control group (CK), indicating that exogenous DOM can significantly promote the transcription of AOA and AOB in ammonia oxidation process of soil the soil AOA and AOB. The addition of glucose showed a similar trend, but the trend is different. Adding tyrosine tyrosine group AOA, there were significant negative correlation between AOB and soil nitrification rate, with the addition of tyrosine is positively correlated, glucose group There was a significant positive correlation between AOB and mineralization amount and PNR content (P0.05). There was a significant difference in the PNR inhibition rate and amoA gene copy number of the same organic matter in the same organic matter (P0.01).

【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S141.4;X703

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