本文選題：喀斯特 + 天然林��； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：林分土壤養(yǎng)分能為植物生長發(fā)育提供所需要的營養(yǎng)和環(huán)境條件,適宜的土壤養(yǎng)分是培育樹木適產(chǎn)、優(yōu)良的前提條件。然而近年來,過分追求經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和不科學(xué)的管理經(jīng)營方式,導(dǎo)致林分的質(zhì)量明顯下降。研究不同林分土壤的養(yǎng)分狀況可為林分的經(jīng)營管理和可持續(xù)性發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文以貴州喀斯特地區(qū)馬尾松人工林、馬尾松天然林、濕地松人工林3種林分為研究對象,通過野外調(diào)查取樣、室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)與統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,對其土壤理化性質(zhì)和養(yǎng)分特征進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,結(jié)果表明:(1)馬尾松人工林和天然林中不同層次土壤容重間具有差異顯著性,3種林分土壤平均含水率在16.27%～25.54%,表層土中均是有機(jī)質(zhì)含量最高,且與最深層土間表現(xiàn)出差異顯著性,馬尾松人工林的全N、全K和馬尾松天然林的全K、全P均在不同層次土壤中有差異顯著性,3種林分土壤大量元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量比較,全Mg含量所占比重較大,濕地松人工林土層中全Mg均值為0.83 g/kg,馬尾松人工林為0.60g/kg,馬尾松天然林為0.82g/kg,相對而言,土壤全P含量較低,僅有0.03～0.04g/kg,3種林分土壤層中速效元素含量均沒有差異顯著性,其中銨態(tài)N含量高于其它速效元素含量。濕地松和馬尾松天然林中不同土層微量元素含量大小排序均不同,馬尾松人工林中除最底層土壤外,其它層次土壤中微量元素含量大小排序一致,3種林分土層微量元素含量均是Fe最高,Cr最低。(2)不同林分同一土壤層次條件下,馬尾松天然林土壤的容重、Pb元素、Mn元素含量均最高,而有機(jī)質(zhì)含量明顯低于其它兩林分,3種林分的養(yǎng)分元素Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni、Mn含量均具有差異顯著性,而銨態(tài)N、硝態(tài)N、速效P、速效K含量之間不存在差異顯著性。3種林分土壤皆顯弱酸性,土壤pH值幅度為4..3～4.6,土壤pH值與其它養(yǎng)分元素之間基本表現(xiàn)為負(fù)相關(guān)或顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。(3)3種林分土壤中的全N與銨態(tài)N之間均呈現(xiàn)負(fù)相關(guān)性,微量元素之間相關(guān)性較好,基本表現(xiàn)為顯著正相關(guān)(p0.05)或極顯著正相關(guān)性(p0.01)。3林分土壤養(yǎng)分元素之間的相關(guān)性均不同,說明不同林分土壤中養(yǎng)分元素之間的相互制約效應(yīng)和作用不同。(4)在所有土壤層中養(yǎng)分蓄積量總和均表現(xiàn)為:馬尾松天然林濕地松人工林馬尾松人工林,表明馬尾松人工林對各養(yǎng)分元素的利用效率均高于其它兩林分類型。3種林分養(yǎng)分元素蓄積量隨土層加深而呈現(xiàn)的增長趨勢明顯不同。(5)3種林分土壤中的養(yǎng)分元素含量、養(yǎng)分分布、養(yǎng)分元素蓄積量均表現(xiàn)出明顯的差異性,所以應(yīng)采取適宜各自林分的經(jīng)營管理和保護(hù)措施,來提高其生態(tài)價(jià)值和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
[Abstract]:Stand soil nutrients can provide the necessary nutrition and environmental conditions for plant growth and development, and suitable soil nutrients are the prerequisite for the cultivation of trees.However, in recent years, the excessive pursuit of economic interests and unscientific management led to a marked decline in stand quality.The study of soil nutrient status of different stands can provide scientific basis for the management and sustainable development of stands.In this paper, three types of plantation of Pinus massoniana, Pinus massoniana and Pinus elliottii plantation in karst area of Guizhou Province were divided into three types: Pinus massoniana plantation, Pinus massoniana plantation and Pinus elliottii plantation.The physical and chemical properties and nutrient characteristics of soil were studied systematically.The results showed that there was significant difference in soil bulk density between different layers of Pinus massoniana plantation and natural forest. The average soil moisture content of the three stands was 16.270.54, and the content of organic matter in surface soil was the highest, and there was significant difference between the soil and the deepest soil.The total N, K and P of Pinus massoniana plantation were significantly different in different layers of soil.The mean value of total mg in soil layer of Pinus elliottii plantation was 0.83 g / kg, that of Pinus massoniana plantation was 0.60 g / kg, and that of natural forest of Pinus massoniana was 0.82g / kg.The content of ammonium N is higher than that of other available elements.The contents of trace elements in different soil layers in natural forest of Pinus elliottii and Pinus massoniana were in different order, except the lowest soil in the artificial forest of Pinus massoniana.The content of trace elements in the soil layer of other layers was consistent. The contents of trace elements in soil layer of 3 stands were all the highest in Fe and Cr in the soil layer. 2) under the same soil layer, the content of Pb and mn in the soil of Masson pine natural forest was the highest, and the content of Pb and mn in the soil was the highest in the natural forest of Pinus massoniana.However, the content of organic matter was significantly lower than that of the other two stands, but there was no significant difference in the contents of ammonium N, nitrate N, readily available P and available K between the three stands.The range of soil pH value was 4..30.There was a negative correlation between soil pH value and other nutrient elements. There was a negative correlation between total N and ammonium N, and a good correlation between trace elements and total N in soil.The correlation between soil nutrient elements was different in the stand with significant positive correlation (P 0.05) or extremely significant positive correlation (P 0.01).The results showed that the total amount of nutrient accumulation in all soil layers was: Pinus massoniana natural forest, Pinus massoniana plantation, Pinus massoniana plantation.The results showed that the utilization efficiency of nutrient elements in Pinus massoniana plantation was higher than that in the other two stand types. 3. The increasing trend of nutrient element accumulation with the deepening of soil layer was obviously different from that of soil nutrient element content and nutrient distribution in three stand types of Pinus massoniana.There are obvious differences in nutrient accumulation, so appropriate management and protection measures should be taken to improve its ecological value and economic benefit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S714.8
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本文編號：1753725