本文選題：土壤剖面構型 + 改良方法　； 參考：《中國地質大學(北京)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：全國耕地質量等別評定成果顯示,我國耕地質量現(xiàn)狀總體偏低。土壤剖面構型作為耕地質量重要影響因素,卻在土地整治工作中被忽視。土壤剖面構型不僅反映土壤形成內部條件與外部環(huán)境,還體現(xiàn)耕作土壤肥力狀況和生產性能。研究不同類型剖面構型改良方法對耕地質量提升具有重要意義。論文采用文獻分析法總結得出應統(tǒng)一使用剖面構型,總結出其概念為土壤發(fā)生層排列次序不同質地土層排列情況。采用土壤發(fā)生層排列次序表示方法可以將剖面構型類型可分為簡單剖面和復雜剖面;運用不同質地土層排列次序表示方法剖面構型類型劃分結果為均質型、夾層型和墊底型。論文從宏觀和微觀兩個方面研究了土壤剖面構型與耕地質量關系:宏觀上分析了土壤剖面構型與土壤肥力、植物生長以及與耕地等級評價因素關系;微觀方面研究了均質型和夾層型剖面構型土壤水分布特征和運動特性。在土壤剖面構型類型研究基礎上,本文提出剖面構型改良內涵和原則。并歸納總結剖面構型改良方法有:客土改良法、引洪漫淤法、有機物料回填法、機械改土法以及土壤剖面重構法。詳細闡釋每種剖面構型改良方法原理、流程及適用改良剖面構型類型。論文借鑒農用地分等理論,介紹了土壤剖面構型改良前后耕地自然質量評價方法。本文選擇吉林省農安縣為情景分析,以農安縣農用地分等補充完善成果為基礎,分析農安縣土壤剖面構型類型及其相應耕地質量,提出不良剖面構型改良方法,構建農安縣耕地自然質量評價指標體系并確定評價相關參數(shù)。農安縣砂質類剖面構型改良方法為客土改良法、機械改土法和有機物料回填法;粘質類剖面構型改良方法為客土改良法、引洪漫淤法、有機物料回填法、機械改土法和土壤剖面重構法。農安縣剖面構型改良后耕地自然質量評價結果為:耕地自然質量提升1個等別:11等地提升到10等,10等地提升到9等。論文主要研究結論為剖面構型對耕地質量有重要影響,與耕地質量等級因素顯著相關。對不良剖面構型實施改良措施確實能達到提升耕地質量目標。
[Abstract]:The national cultivated land quality evaluation results show that the status quo of cultivated land quality in China is on the low side.As an important factor affecting cultivated land quality, soil profile configuration has been neglected in land regulation.The configuration of soil profile not only reflects the internal conditions and external environment of soil formation, but also reflects the fertility and productive performance of cultivated soil.It is of great significance to study the methods of improving the profile configuration of different types of sections for improving the quality of cultivated land.The paper concludes that the profile configuration should be used uniformly by literature analysis, and concludes that the concept is the arrangement of soil layers with different textures.The profile configuration types can be divided into simple section and complex section by using the method of the sequence representation of the occurrence layer of the soil, and the results of the section configuration type are homogeneous type, intercalation type and bottom type by using the different texture soil layer arrangement sequence representation method.The relationship between soil profile configuration and cultivated land quality was studied from macro and micro aspects: the relationship between soil profile configuration and soil fertility plant growth and cultivated land grade evaluation was analyzed macroscopically.The soil moisture distribution and movement characteristics of homogeneous and intercalated profile configurations were studied in microscopic aspect.Based on the study of soil profile type, this paper puts forward the connotation and principle of profile configuration improvement.The improvement methods of profile configuration are summarized as follows: soil improvement method, flood diversion method, organic material backfill method, mechanical soil modification method and soil profile reconstruction method.Explain in detail the principle of each section configuration improvement method, flow chart and suitable profile configuration type.Based on the theory of agricultural land classification, this paper introduces the evaluation methods of cultivated land quality before and after soil profile configuration improvement.In this paper, Nong'an County of Jilin Province is selected as scene analysis. Based on the results of agricultural land classification and improvement in Nong'an County, the soil profile configuration types and the corresponding cultivated land quality in Nong'an County are analyzed, and the improvement methods of bad profile configuration are put forward.The evaluation index system of farmland natural quality in Nong'an County was constructed and the evaluation parameters were determined.In Nong'an County, the methods of improving the profile of sand type are soil improvement, mechanical soil modification and organic material backfilling, while the clay profile is improved by Hakka soil, flood diversion and silting, organic material backfilling, etc.Mechanical modification method and soil profile reconstruction method.The results of evaluation of cultivated land natural quality after profile modification in Nong'an County were as follows: the natural quality of cultivated land was promoted from 1 equal to 10 and 10 to 9 and so on.The main conclusion of this paper is that the profile configuration has an important influence on cultivated land quality, and is significantly related to cultivated land quality grade factors.The improvement measures of bad profile configuration can really achieve the goal of improving cultivated land quality.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S156

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