本文選題：生物結(jié)皮 + 發(fā)育特征　； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版)》2017年06期

【摘要】：【目的】分析黃土丘陵區(qū)不同類型生物結(jié)皮的發(fā)育特征及土壤微生物的分布特征,以明確生物結(jié)皮形成過程對土壤微生物的影響。【方法】采用野外調(diào)查和室內(nèi)分析相結(jié)合的方法,調(diào)查黃土丘陵區(qū)淺色藻結(jié)皮、深色藻結(jié)皮、藻+少量蘚結(jié)皮、蘚+少量藻結(jié)皮及蘚結(jié)皮5類生物結(jié)皮的發(fā)育特征,并測定生物結(jié)皮層及結(jié)皮下0~2cm土層的土壤微生物數(shù)量和化學(xué)性質(zhì),最后分析了不同生物結(jié)皮發(fā)育特征和土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì)與土壤微生物數(shù)量之間的相關(guān)性�！窘Y(jié)果】研究區(qū)淺色藻結(jié)皮、深色藻結(jié)皮、藻+少量蘚結(jié)皮、蘚+少量藻結(jié)皮及蘚結(jié)皮的結(jié)皮厚度分別為1.13,3.26,6.31,8.91,12.61mm,藻蓋度分別為100%,98.67%,71.61%,27.33%,7.80%,蘚蓋度分別為0%,0.80%,24.90%,65.87%,81.30%。不同類型生物結(jié)皮土壤細(xì)菌數(shù)量占微生物總數(shù)的比例為53.12%~72.09%,放線菌所占比例為27.49%~46.80%,真菌所占比例為0.08%~0.92%。在生物結(jié)皮層,土壤微生物總數(shù)和細(xì)菌數(shù)量從淺色藻結(jié)皮到蘚結(jié)皮總體呈增加趨勢,蘚結(jié)皮土壤細(xì)菌、放線菌和真菌數(shù)量顯著高于其他生物結(jié)皮;在結(jié)皮下0~2cm土層,土壤微生物總數(shù)和放線菌數(shù)量表現(xiàn)為蘚結(jié)皮淺色藻結(jié)皮深色藻結(jié)皮蘚+少量藻結(jié)皮藻+少量蘚結(jié)皮,蘚結(jié)皮土壤細(xì)菌、放線菌和真菌數(shù)量顯著高于其他生物結(jié)皮。在生物結(jié)皮層,蘚結(jié)皮土壤細(xì)菌比例較藻結(jié)皮有所增加,放線菌比例相應(yīng)減少,蘚結(jié)皮真菌比例最高;蘚結(jié)皮下0~2cm土層真菌比例顯著大于其他生物結(jié)皮。垂直分布上,生物結(jié)皮層土壤細(xì)菌數(shù)量和比例、真菌數(shù)量和比例均大于結(jié)皮下0~2cm土層,但放線菌數(shù)量和比例小于結(jié)皮下0~2cm土層。在生物結(jié)皮層和結(jié)皮下0~2cm土層,不同類型生物結(jié)皮土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì)存在明顯差異。生物結(jié)皮層微生物總數(shù)、細(xì)菌數(shù)量和比例、真菌數(shù)量與蘚蓋度和結(jié)皮厚度呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,放線菌比例與蘚蓋度和結(jié)皮厚度呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。土壤微生物總數(shù)、細(xì)菌數(shù)量和比例、真菌數(shù)量和比例與土壤碳氮含量、碳氮比、電導(dǎo)率呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,細(xì)菌數(shù)量和比例、真菌數(shù)量和比例與土壤pH值呈顯著或極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系�！窘Y(jié)論】生物結(jié)皮對半干旱地區(qū)土壤微生物具有重要影響,蘚結(jié)皮較其他生物結(jié)皮可顯著提高土壤微生物數(shù)量。
[Abstract]:[objective] to analyze the developmental characteristics of different types of biological crusts and the distribution characteristics of soil microorganisms in the loess hilly region.In order to clarify the effect of biological crust formation process on soil microorganism. [methods] A combination of field investigation and laboratory analysis was used to investigate the light algal crust, dark algal crust and a small amount of moss crust in loess hilly region.The developmental characteristics of a few algae crusts and five biological crusts of mosses, and the quantity and chemical properties of soil microbes in the biological crust and subcutaneous 0~2cm soil layer were measured.Finally, the correlation between the development characteristics of different biological crusts and soil chemical properties and the number of soil microbes was analyzed. [results] in the study area, the algal crusts, dark algae crusts, and a few mossy crusts were studied.The proportion of bacteria in the soil of different types of biological crust was 53.120.72.09, the proportion of actinomycetes was 27.4946.80, and the proportion of fungi was 0.080.92.In the biological crust, the total number of microbes and the number of bacteria in the soil increased from algal crust to moss crust. The number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in mossy crust soil was significantly higher than that in other biological crust, and in the subcutaneous 0~2cm soil layer, the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi was significantly higher than that of other organisms.The total number of microorganism and actinomycetes in the soil showed that the number of soil bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi was significantly higher than that of other organisms in moss crust, dark algal crust, dark algal crust, a small amount of phytoderma, a small amount of phytoderma, and the number of soil bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi.The proportion of bacteria in mossy crust soil was higher than that in algal crust, and the proportion of actinomycetes was decreased, and the proportion of fungi in mossy crust was the highest, and the proportion of fungi in 0~2cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in other biological crust.In vertical distribution, the number and proportion of bacteria and fungi in the soil of the biological cortex were higher than those in the soil layer of subcutaneous 0~2cm, but the number and proportion of actinomycetes were smaller than those in the soil of subcutaneous 0~2cm.The chemical properties of different types of biological crusts in the 0~2cm soil layer were significantly different from those in the biological crust layer and the subcutaneous 0~2cm soil layer.The total number of microbes, the number and proportion of bacteria, the number of fungi were positively correlated with moss coverage and crust thickness, while the proportion of actinomycetes was negatively correlated with moss coverage and crust thickness.The total number of microbes, the number and proportion of bacteria, the number and proportion of fungi were positively correlated with soil carbon and nitrogen content, C / N ratio, electrical conductivity, and the number and proportion of bacteria.There was a significant negative correlation between the number and proportion of fungi and soil pH. [conclusion] Biological crust has an important effect on soil microbes in semi-arid areas, and mossy crust can significantly increase the number of soil microbes compared with other biological crusts.
【作者單位】： 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院;中國科學(xué)院教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：中國科學(xué)院“西部之光”聯(lián)合學(xué)者項(xiàng)目 國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41271298,41571268)
【分類號】：S154.3

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