本文選題：稻瘟酰胺 + 咪鮮胺�。� 參考：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：稻瘟酰胺是苯氧酰胺類殺菌劑,咪鮮胺是一種廣譜高效咪唑類殺菌劑,兩者復(fù)配使用,對(duì)水稻稻瘟病害有較好的防治效果。本文通過(guò)研究稻瘟酰胺和咪鮮胺在水稻樣品中的殘留分析檢測(cè)方法,及在我國(guó)南北自然環(huán)境下水稻、稻田土壤和稻田水中的消解動(dòng)態(tài)及殘留規(guī)律,以及在不同pH緩沖溶液、不同溫度條件下的水解行為,為稻瘟酰胺和咪鮮胺在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)上的科學(xué)、合理、安全使用提供數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ),為評(píng)價(jià)其在環(huán)境中的安全性提供依據(jù)。論文主要內(nèi)容有：(1)研究并建立了用氣相色譜法同時(shí)測(cè)定稻田土壤、稻田水、水稻植株(稻桿)、稻米及稻殼中稻瘟酰胺和咪鮮胺的殘留分析檢測(cè)方法。在選定的分析條件下,稻瘟酰胺和咪鮮胺的最小檢出量為1.0×10~(-11)g,最低檢出濃度在稻田土壤、稻田水、水稻植株、稻米及稻殼中分別為2.5×10~(-3)mg/kg、5×10.4mg/L、5×10~(-3)mg/kg、2.5×10~(-3)mg/kg、 5×10~(-3)mg/kg。結(jié)果表明：該分析方法對(duì)稻田環(huán)境樣品中稻瘟酰胺和咪鮮胺的殘留量檢測(cè)的準(zhǔn)確度及精密度均達(dá)到農(nóng)藥殘留分析技術(shù)要求及規(guī)范。(2)通過(guò)田間試驗(yàn)方法,研究了稻瘟酰胺和咪鮮胺在湖南長(zhǎng)沙、吉林長(zhǎng)春和貴州貴陽(yáng)稻田環(huán)境中的消解規(guī)律,建立了稻瘟酰胺和咪鮮胺在稻田土壤、稻田水和水稻植株中的消解模型。結(jié)果表明：稻瘟酰胺和咪鮮胺在稻田土壤、稻田水、水稻植株中的消解曲線方程符合一級(jí)化學(xué)反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程式Ct=C0~(-Kt)。稻瘟酰胺在稻田土壤、稻田水及水稻植株中的平均消解半衰期為12.7d、3.0d、4.4d；咪鮮胺在稻田土壤、稻田水及水稻植株中的平均消解半衰期為9.4d、2.0d、2.4d。(3)通過(guò)田間試驗(yàn)方法,研究了稻瘟酰胺和咪鮮胺在湖南長(zhǎng)沙稻田環(huán)境中的殘留規(guī)律,在水稻作物種植期間,對(duì)水稻植株莖葉進(jìn)行噴霧施藥,設(shè)計(jì)施藥次數(shù)為2次和3次(施藥間隔期為7d),采樣距末次施藥間隔期為7、14、21d。結(jié)果表明根據(jù)推薦使用劑量50克／畝、施藥2次及安全間隔期14天收獲的稻米中稻瘟酰胺的殘留量檢測(cè)平均值為0268mg/kg,咪鮮胺的殘留量檢測(cè)平均值為0.005mg/kg,均低于我國(guó)制定的關(guān)于稻瘟酰胺、咪鮮胺的MRL值。因此認(rèn)為40%稻瘟酰胺·咪鮮胺可濕性粉劑在稻田中按推薦施用劑量施用是安全的。(4)研究稻瘟酰胺、咪鮮胺及稻瘟酰胺和咪鮮胺共存條件下在不同pH緩沖溶液、不同溫度條件下的水解行為。結(jié)果表明,稻瘟酰胺和咪鮮胺在不同pH緩沖溶液中的水解情況差異較小,其在強(qiáng)酸強(qiáng)堿環(huán)境中穩(wěn)定；稻瘟酰胺和咪鮮胺的水解速率隨環(huán)境溫度的升高而加快；混劑對(duì)其水解存在一定的抑制作用。
[Abstract]:Rice blast amide is a kind of fungicides and prochloraz is a kind of broad-spectrum and high-efficient imidazole fungicides. The combination of them has good control effect on rice blast.In this paper, the residue analysis method of rice blast amide and prochloramines in rice samples was studied, and the dynamics and residues of rice, paddy soil and paddy water in the natural environment of north and south of China were studied, as well as in different pH buffer solution.The hydrolysis behavior at different temperatures provides a data basis for the scientific, rational and safe use of rice blast amide and prochloraz in agricultural production, as well as for the evaluation of their safety in the environment.The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) A gas chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of rice blast amide and prochloraz in paddy soil, rice field water, rice plants (rice stalks, rice and rice husks) was established.The results showed that the accuracy and precision of this method for the determination of rice blast amide and prochloraz residues in the environmental samples of paddy fields were up to the technical requirements and specifications of pesticide residue analysis.The digestion of rice blast amide and prochloraz in paddy field environment of Changsha, Jilin province and Guiyang, Guizhou Province was studied, and the model of rice blast amide and prochloraz in paddy soil, rice field water and rice plant was established.The results showed that the digestion curve equations of rice blast amide and prochloraz in paddy soil, rice field water and rice plants were in accordance with the first-order chemical reaction kinetic equation CtC0 and Ktn.The mean half-life of rice blast amide in paddy soil, paddy water and rice plants was 12.7dU 3.0dN 4.4d, and the average half-life of chlorprolamine in paddy soil, paddy water and rice plants was 9.4dN 2.0 dU 2.4d.m3).The residual law of rice blast amide and prochloraz in paddy field of Changsha, Hunan Province was studied. During the period of rice crop cultivation, the stems and leaves of rice plant were sprayed.The times of application were 2 times and 3 times (the interval of application was 7 days and the interval between sampling and last application was 7 ~ 14 ~ 21 days).The results show that according to the recommended dosage of 50 g / mu,Hydrolysis behavior at different temperatures.The mixture has a certain inhibitory effect on its hydrolysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X592

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