本文選題：畜禽糞便污染 + 微生物防治��； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國的畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)迅猛發(fā)展,取得了巨大的經(jīng)濟和社會效益。養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模位于世界前列。但是,在養(yǎng)殖過程中會產(chǎn)生大量的畜禽糞便,其產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)遠遠超過了周圍環(huán)境的所能處理和消納的能力,增加了環(huán)境負擔(dān)。糞便是病原微生物的主要載體,并且病原微生物在體外仍具有傳染性,室溫下也能長時間存活�；疾』螂[性帶病的畜禽排出的糞便會帶有多種致病菌和寄生蟲卵,如果得不到有效的處理,不僅會影響畜禽的正常生長,還會嚴重威脅人類的身體健康,造成人畜共患病情況�，F(xiàn)有研究結(jié)果表明,網(wǎng)柄菌廣泛存在與自然界中,對腸道細菌具有良好捕食作用,同時還能最大限度的保留原有營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。所以可以利用其對細菌的捕食作用來去除雞糞中的腸道細菌。所以本實驗主要研究了以下幾個方面,從土壤中分離出網(wǎng)柄菌,對其純化、鑒定和篩選,并確定不同的培養(yǎng)條件對腸道細菌去除效果的影響。具體研究結(jié)果如下:⑴從所采土樣中共鑒定出網(wǎng)柄菌三種,分別為:小網(wǎng)柄菌D.minutum、紫輪柄菌P.violaceum、毛霉狀網(wǎng)柄菌Dictyostelium mucoroides Brefeld。⑵20℃培養(yǎng)條件下篩選出的對腸道細菌去除效果最好的網(wǎng)柄菌菌株為毛霉狀網(wǎng)柄菌(Dictyostelium mucoroides Brefeld),去除效果明顯優(yōu)于其它三株網(wǎng)柄菌以及空白對照樣本。⑶通過單因素實驗進行條件的優(yōu)化培養(yǎng)研究結(jié)果表明:調(diào)節(jié)含水率的水溶液pH值最佳值為5,最佳秸稈粒徑為0.5-1mm,最佳綜合含水率為60%,最佳雞糞與秸稈的配料比為1:2,最佳培養(yǎng)溫度為20℃。⑷確定的最佳培養(yǎng)條件下培養(yǎng)20d后,會發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著網(wǎng)柄菌數(shù)量的增長,細菌和大腸菌群的數(shù)量逐漸減少,毛霉狀網(wǎng)柄菌的粘變形體數(shù)量達到最大值5.5×105cfu/g,細菌總數(shù)下降至3.8×107cfu/g、大腸菌群下降至3.3×106cfu/g,細菌和大腸菌群的去除率都能達到百分之九十以上,去除效果明顯。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the livestock and poultry breeding industry in China has developed rapidly and achieved great economic and social benefits.The scale of farming is in the forefront of the world.However, a large amount of livestock and poultry manure will be produced in the breeding process, and its output has far exceeded the ability of the surrounding environment to deal with and absorb it, thus increasing the environmental burden.Feces are the main carriers of pathogenic microorganisms, and they are still infectious in vitro and can survive for a long time at room temperature.Feces excreted by sick or recessive diseased livestock and poultry will contain a variety of pathogenic bacteria and parasitic eggs. If not effectively treated, it will not only affect the normal growth of livestock and poultry, but also seriously threaten the health of human beings and cause zoonosis.The present research results show that Staphylococcus reticulata exists widely in nature and has a good predation effect on intestinal bacteria, but also can retain the original nutrients to the maximum extent.Therefore, the predation of bacteria can be used to remove intestinal bacteria from chicken manure.So this experiment mainly studied the following aspects, isolated from the soil, purification, identification and screening, and determine the different culture conditions on the removal of intestinal bacteria.The specific results are as follows: 1. Three species of Stella were identified from the soil samples collected.D. minutumus, P. violaceum and Dictyostelium mucoroides Brefeld.220 were the most effective culturing bacteria for intestinal bacteria removal, which were better than that of Dictyostelium mucoroides Brefeldr.The optimum culture conditions of the other three strains of Staphylococcus reticulata and the blank control sample .3 were studied by single factor experiment. The results showed that the optimum pH value of water solution was 5, the optimum diameter of straw was 0.5-1mm, and the optimum comprehensive water content was obtained.The optimum ratio of chicken manure to straw was 1: 2, the optimum culture temperature was 20 鈩，

本文編號：1735711