本文選題：T-RFLP　切入點(diǎn)：蘇州園林　出處：《蘇州科技學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著蘇州園林被列為世界文化遺產(chǎn),其知名度日益提高。蘇州一些知名園林每天入園人數(shù)在數(shù)千人次,旺季有時(shí)達(dá)到上萬(wàn)人次以上。大量游客日復(fù)一日地進(jìn)入園林,不可避免地造成園林的破壞。將園林作為旅游資源過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā),導(dǎo)致在園林保護(hù)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)了各種問(wèn)題,園林的生態(tài)環(huán)境也受到了一定的破壞。如何以園林為資源進(jìn)行可持續(xù)的旅游開(kāi)發(fā)是園林保護(hù)所面臨的一大難題。因此,對(duì)于園林生態(tài)環(huán)境的研究顯得至關(guān)重要。常言道“無(wú)水不成園”,水是蘇州園林不可或缺的景致,園林植物又直接體現(xiàn)綠化效果,所以在以往的研究中,研究者們把目光鎖定在蘇州園林植物,水體的研究上,作為兩者基質(zhì)的底泥和土壤卻少有進(jìn)行研究。國(guó)內(nèi)外均未發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)于園林環(huán)境微生物方面的研究報(bào)道,本實(shí)驗(yàn)首次對(duì)蘇州園林底泥和土壤環(huán)境微生物多樣性與群落結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了研究。本研究選取幾個(gè)典型蘇州園林水系底泥和土壤為研究對(duì)象,分析其理化性質(zhì)。根據(jù)宏基因組學(xué)原理,采用近年來(lái)被廣泛運(yùn)用的研究環(huán)境微生物多樣性的分子生物學(xué)方法——限制性末端片段長(zhǎng)度多態(tài)性(T-RFLP)技術(shù),分析底泥和土壤的微生物多樣性和群落結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)果表明:幾個(gè)蘇州園林底泥和土壤的含水率、pH值、電導(dǎo)率、總有機(jī)質(zhì)(TOM)和總氮(TN)五項(xiàng)理化指標(biāo)均在正常范圍值之內(nèi),較高的全氮含量帶來(lái)水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的隱患。拙政園不同生境底泥和土壤中細(xì)菌、真菌多樣性存在明顯差異,細(xì)菌多樣性明顯高于真菌。底泥細(xì)菌,土壤細(xì)菌和真菌中存在優(yōu)勢(shì)菌種,底泥真菌種類較少,無(wú)明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)菌種。不同季節(jié)拙政園底泥和土壤中細(xì)菌多樣性存在明顯差異,土壤細(xì)菌多樣性高于底泥細(xì)菌多樣性,群落結(jié)構(gòu)也復(fù)雜許多。底泥和土壤的微生物多樣性秋季最高,春季次之,再次是冬季,夏季出現(xiàn)最低多樣性水平。5個(gè)園林底泥和土壤細(xì)菌多樣性存在差異,微生物多樣性大致與游客接待數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān)。本研究為蘇州園林污染治理提供基礎(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)積累,對(duì)分析蘇州園林群落演替具有重要的參考價(jià)值,為蘇州園林微生物多樣性及群落結(jié)構(gòu)提供技術(shù)支撐和理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Along with Suzhou garden is listed as the world cultural heritage, its popularity increases day by day.Some famous gardens in Suzhou have thousands of visitors a day, sometimes more than ten thousand times in peak season.A large number of tourists enter the garden day after day, inevitably causing damage to the garden.The over-exploitation of garden as a tourist resource has led to various problems in the process of garden protection, and the ecological environment of garden has also been destroyed to a certain extent.How to use gardens as resources for sustainable tourism development is a difficult problem for landscape protection.Therefore, it is very important to study the ecological environment of garden.As the saying goes, "without water, no garden," water is an indispensable scene in Suzhou's gardens, and garden plants directly reflect the effect of greening. So in previous studies, researchers have focused their attention on the study of Suzhou garden plants and water bodies.The sediment and soil, which are the substrates of both, are seldom studied.There were no reports on microorganism in garden environment at home and abroad. In this experiment, microbial diversity and community structure in the sediment and soil environment of Suzhou garden were studied for the first time.In this study, the physical and chemical properties of sediment and soil of several typical garden water systems in Suzhou were analyzed.According to the principle of macrogenomics, the microbial diversity and community structure of sediment and soil were analyzed by using the molecular biological method, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), which has been widely used in recent years to study the environmental microbial diversity.The results showed that the five physical and chemical indexes of soil moisture content, pH value, electrical conductivity, total organic matter (TOM) and total nitrogen (TNN) were within the normal range, and the higher total nitrogen content caused the hidden danger of eutrophication.The diversity of bacteria and fungi in the sediment and soil of different habitats was obviously different, and the diversity of bacteria was obviously higher than that of fungi.There are some dominant bacteria in sediment bacteria, soil bacteria and fungi.The diversity of bacteria in the bottom mud and soil was obviously different in different seasons. The diversity of bacteria in soil was higher than that in sediment, and the community structure was much more complex.The microbial diversity of sediment and soil was the highest in autumn, followed by winter in spring and the lowest in summer. There were differences in bacterial diversity between the five garden sediments and soil, and the microbial diversity was negatively correlated with the number of visitors.This study provides basic data accumulation for garden pollution control in Suzhou, and has important reference value for analyzing landscape community succession in Suzhou, and provides technical support and theoretical basis for microbial diversity and community structure in Suzhou garden.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州科技學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S154.3

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