發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-08 10:08

  本文選題：常規(guī)脫水污泥　切入點(diǎn)：生物瀝浸污泥　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：截至2014年,我國(guó)設(shè)市城市、縣共建成城市污水處理廠3717座,污水處理能力達(dá)1.57億M3/日,相應(yīng)的含水率80%的城市污泥產(chǎn)生量達(dá)10×104噸/日。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)方面的原因,我國(guó)城市污泥尚未得到妥善處置,污泥隨意棄置或不合理的施用已對(duì)環(huán)境造成了潛在危害。污泥堆肥后土地利用是目前最經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的污泥資源化利用方式,污泥堆肥產(chǎn)品具有改良土壤、增產(chǎn)增收的效應(yīng)。然而由于常規(guī)脫水污泥含水率達(dá)78%～85%,需要加入大量的調(diào)理劑或有機(jī)添加劑以降低含水率并增加孔隙率,導(dǎo)致堆肥占地面積大、操作不便、堆肥效率低、成本難以控制、堆肥質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定。因此實(shí)現(xiàn)污泥高效脫水得到較低泥餅含水率(小于60%)是改善當(dāng)前這些問題的關(guān)鍵。以復(fù)合硫桿菌為主體的微生物生物瀝浸技術(shù)可以對(duì)城市污泥實(shí)現(xiàn)很好的調(diào)理,明顯改善污泥脫水性能。工程實(shí)踐表明,生物瀝浸后的污泥可機(jī)械脫水至含水率低于60%,并且與化學(xué)調(diào)理不同,污泥生物瀝浸后有機(jī)質(zhì)、氮、磷等養(yǎng)分含量無明顯降低,泥餅肥效沒有損失。將含水率60%的生物瀝浸污泥餅進(jìn)行工程化堆肥,無需加入大量調(diào)理劑調(diào)節(jié)含水率,可節(jié)約運(yùn)行成本并且堆肥操作更加簡(jiǎn)便。然而,目前生物瀝浸污泥工程化堆肥處理的相關(guān)研究仍然缺失。本文針對(duì)生物瀝浸污泥堆肥資源化過程中可能遇到的問題,重點(diǎn)開展了生物瀝浸污泥工程化堆肥效果及生物瀝浸污泥堆肥過程中氮素?fù)p失控制、生物瀝浸污泥工程化堆肥條件優(yōu)化、生物瀝浸污泥堆肥腐熟度評(píng)價(jià)方法的研究。經(jīng)過系列試驗(yàn),主要研究結(jié)論如下:1、江蘇省無錫市城市污水處理廠脫水污泥含水率平均值達(dá)80.8%,有機(jī)質(zhì)、總氮、總磷以及總鉀含量的均值為45.4%、3.49%、2.02%和0.24%,其中總氮和總磷含量均高于普通農(nóng)家肥,全部滿足污泥土壤改良及污泥農(nóng)用處置養(yǎng)分要求。然而脫水污泥中的重金屬含量均有不同程度的超標(biāo)現(xiàn)象,污泥中的重金屬是制約城市污泥土地利用的重要因素。2、利用污泥生物瀝浸反應(yīng)器對(duì)城市污泥進(jìn)行生物瀝浸處理。處理后的污泥經(jīng)板框壓濾機(jī)脫水,泥餅含水率下降至55.8%,同時(shí)污泥養(yǎng)分含量未發(fā)生明顯減少。生物瀝浸污泥餅中重金屬Cu、Zn、Cr與Ni的含量相比原始污泥分別下降48.2%、11.4%、9.8%和12.3%,并且重金屬的形態(tài)也發(fā)生較大變化,重金屬的生物有效性明顯降低,有利于污泥后續(xù)土地利用。3、對(duì)生物瀝浸污泥工程化好氧堆肥效果及其降低堆肥氮素?fù)p失的機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果表明,生物瀝浸污泥堆肥所需調(diào)理劑約為常規(guī)脫水污泥堆肥的10%,堆體pH值相比常規(guī)脫水污泥堆肥低0.2～0.3;生物瀝浸污泥堆肥體系中的有機(jī)物更易被微生物降解,有機(jī)氮更容易發(fā)生礦化,NH4+-N含量明顯升高,然而累計(jì)氨氣揮發(fā)量?jī)H為常規(guī)脫水污泥堆肥的51%。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)相對(duì)較低的堆體pH值、微生物氨同化作用以及生物瀝浸污泥中存在的水溶性鐵離子聯(lián)合抑制生物瀝浸污泥堆肥氨氣揮發(fā),減少了氮素?fù)p失,因而生物瀝浸污泥堆肥產(chǎn)品肥力更高并且重金屬含量低。4、使用不同有機(jī)調(diào)理劑進(jìn)行生物瀝浸污泥條垛式堆肥,發(fā)現(xiàn)麥糠的加入可以促進(jìn)堆體升溫,堆料有機(jī)物和粗纖維降解率最高,麥糠是生物瀝浸污泥堆肥快速腐熟的高效有機(jī)調(diào)理劑;添加菇渣的堆肥氨氣揮發(fā)速率最低,氨氣揮發(fā)量?jī)H為麥糠處理的31%,且堆肥產(chǎn)品的總氮含量最高,較堆肥前增加23.6%。通過分析得知,菇渣比表面積較高,結(jié)構(gòu)疏松多孔,具有較強(qiáng)的氨氣吸附能力。菇渣是減少生物瀝浸污泥堆肥氮素?fù)p失的優(yōu)良調(diào)理劑。5、采用硫酸亞鐵、沸石和過磷酸鈣作為減少氨氣揮發(fā)的生物瀝浸污泥堆肥保氮?jiǎng)�。結(jié)果表明,相比對(duì)照處理,過磷酸鈣和硫酸亞鐵的加入使得累計(jì)氨氣揮發(fā)量分別減少了30%和94%,而沸石處理增加了38%。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,硫酸亞鐵固定了堆肥過程中產(chǎn)生的NH4+-N,堆肥氮素?fù)p失減少45.6%。硫酸亞鐵可以作為生物瀝浸堆肥工程中高效、廉價(jià)的氮素?fù)p失抑制劑。6、通過對(duì)不同堆肥時(shí)期生物瀝浸污泥堆肥樣品的理化性質(zhì)和生物指標(biāo)分析,建立了一種簡(jiǎn)單快捷的生物瀝浸污泥工程化堆肥腐熟度評(píng)價(jià)方法并提出相應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):以CO2釋放速率≤5000 mg CO2/kg vs/d作為堆肥樣品完全腐熟的標(biāo)準(zhǔn);當(dāng)CO2釋放速率12000 mg CO2/kg vs/d時(shí),可以認(rèn)為堆肥樣品接近腐熟,對(duì)作物沒有毒害作用,可直接進(jìn)行土地利用。選取不同原料堆肥樣品進(jìn)行腐熟度測(cè)定,結(jié)果表明,該方法對(duì)不同原料的堆肥具有一定的適用性。7、建立了生物瀝浸脫水污泥餅高溫堆肥工程并詳細(xì)分析工程工藝流程、設(shè)備選型、運(yùn)行參數(shù)、處理效果及經(jīng)濟(jì)性。二年多的工程實(shí)踐結(jié)果表明,生物瀝浸污泥堆肥系統(tǒng)解決了目前常規(guī)脫水污泥堆肥所遇到的諸多問題,堆肥產(chǎn)品用于園林綠化,具有良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。論文研究成果對(duì)于生物瀝浸污泥工程化堆肥技術(shù)的應(yīng)用及推廣具有指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:As of 2014, China set up the city of city, county to build a city of 3717 sewage treatment plants, sewage treatment capacity of 157 million M3/, corresponding to the city sludge moisture content of 80% production capacity of 10 x 104 tons / day. Due to the economic and technical aspects of the city, our country has not been properly dispose of sludge, sludge discarded or unreasonable use has caused a potential hazard to the environment. The land utilization of sewage sludge compost is the most economical and effective sludge resource utilization, sludge composting products with improved soil, increase production effect. However, up to 78% ~ dehydrated sludge moisture content of 85%, need to add a lot of conditioner or organic additives to reduce the moisture content and porosity increased, resulting in composting of large area, inconvenient operation, composting efficiency is low, the cost is difficult to control, the compost quality is not stable. So the realization of efficient dewatering of sludge to low mud cake Water content (less than 60%) is the key to improve these current problems. Microbial bioleaching by composite Thiobacillus as the main body of city sludge leaching technology can achieve good conditioning, improve sludge dewatering performance. The engineering practice shows that after bioleaching sludge mechanical dewatering can to below 60% moisture content, and chemical conditioning of sludge bioleaching after organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient content did not significantly reduce the fertilizer loss. No cake, the moisture content of 60% bioleaching sludge composting project, without adding a lot of conditioner regulating water content, can save running costs and composting operation more convenient. However, the bioleaching research project of sludge compost treatment still missing. This paper may encounter bioleaching sludge composting process, focusing on the sludge bioleaching engineering pile The effect of fertilizer and bioleaching of controlling nitrogen loss during composting of sewage sludge, bioleaching sludge composting project optimization, research on Bioleaching evaluation method of sludge compost maturity. After a series of experiments, the main conclusions are as follows: 1, Jiangsu Province, Wuxi city sewage treatment plant sludge water content reached 80.8% on average organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content, the average was 45.4%, 3.49%, 2.02% and 0.24%, the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were higher than the ordinary farmyard manure, all meet the sludge soil improvement and sludge nutrient requirements. However, the content of heavy metals in sludge dewatering have different degrees of exceed the standard phenomenon of heavy metals in sewage sludge. Is an important factor restricting the land use of city sludge.2, leaching reactor of city sludge bioleaching treatment by bioleaching sludge. The sludge dewatering by filter press mud. Cake moisture dropped to 55.8%, while the sludge nutrient content did not significantly decrease. Bioleaching of heavy metals of Cu, Zn in the sludge cake, compared the content of Cr and Ni of the original sludge were decreased by 48.2%, 11.4%, 9.8% and 12.3%, and the speciation of heavy metals are also changed, the bioavailability of heavy metals decreased significantly in favor of sludge land use.3, to study the mechanism of bioleaching sludge aerobic composting engineering effect and reduce nitrogen loss during composting. The results showed that the bioleaching sludge compost amendment required about dehydrated sludge compost pile 10%, pH value compared with the conventional dehydration of sludge compost low 0.2 ~ 0.3; bioleaching sludge composting system is more susceptible to microbial degradation, organic nitrogen mineralization occurs more easily, the content of NH4+-N was significantly increased, but 51%. of total amount of ammonia volatilization was dehydrated sludge compost hair The pile is relatively low pH value, microbial ammonium assimilation and bioleaching sludge in the presence of water soluble iron combined inhibition of bioleaching sludge compost ammonia volatilization, reduce nitrogen loss, and bioleaching sludge compost products fertility higher and low heavy metal content of.4, the use of different biological organic coagulant bioleaching sludge windrow composting, found that wheat bran addition could promote the stack temperature, feed organic matter and crude fiber degradation rate is highest, the high efficiency organic conditioner bioleaching sludge compost manure composting; adding mushroom residue compost ammonia volatilization rate was the lowest, the amount of ammonia volatilization was only 31% of the total wheat bran processing. The nitrogen content of compost and compost is the highest, the increase of 23.6%. through the analysis of that mushroom residue high specific surface area, porous structure, ammonia has strong adsorption capacity. The mushroom residue is reduced bioleaching Leaching sludge compost nitrogen loss excellent conditioner.5, using ferrous sulfate, zeolite and superphosphate decreased ammonia volatilization as biological leaching sludge compost nitrogen protecting agent. The results show that, compared with the control treatment, adding superphosphate and ferrous sulfate makes the total amount of ammonia volatilization was reduced by 30% and 94% respectively, while zeolite treatment increased 38%. experiment the results show that the fixed ferrous sulfate produced during composting composting NH4+-N, nitrogen loss reduced 45.6%. ferrous sulfate can be used as compost in bioleaching engineering efficiency, nitrogen loss inhibitor.6 cheap, through the analysis of different composting periods bioleaching sludge compost samples the physicochemical properties and biological indicators, establish a simple efficient bioleaching sludge composting project maturity evaluation method and put forward the corresponding standard: with the CO2 release rate of less than 5000 mg CO2/kg vs/d as compost samples Full maturity standard; when the CO2 release rate of 12000 mg CO2/kg vs/d, can be considered as compost samples close to maturity, no toxicity to crops, can be directly used for land use. Different raw compost samples were maturity determination results show that the.7 method has certain applicability to different raw material compost, set up bioleaching of dewatered sludge cake composting engineering and a detailed analysis of process flow, equipment selection, operation parameters, treatment effect and economy. The engineering practice for more than two years. The results showed that the bioleaching sludge composting system to solve the many problems currently encountered in conventional dehydration of sludge compost, compost for landscaping, with good the economic and social benefits. The research results have guiding significance for the application and promotion of bioleaching of sludge composting project.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703;S141.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 Tao Jiang;Guoxue Li;Qiong Tang;Xuguang Ma;Gang Wang;Frank Schuchardt;;Effects of aeration method and aeration rate on greenhouse gas emissions during composting of pig feces in pilot scale[J];Journal of Environmental Sciences;2015年05期

2 田強(qiáng);張同輝;張洪成;;城市污水處理廠污泥制磚項(xiàng)目實(shí)踐[J];中國(guó)給水排水;2014年24期

3 陸泗進(jìn);王業(yè)耀;何立環(huán);;中國(guó)土壤環(huán)境調(diào)查、評(píng)價(jià)與監(jiān)測(cè)[J];中國(guó)環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè);2014年06期

4 錢覺時(shí);謝從波;謝小莉;陳偉;楊海林;;城市生活污水污泥建材利用現(xiàn)狀與研究進(jìn)展[J];建筑材料學(xué)報(bào);2014年05期

5 郭廣慧;陳同斌;楊軍;鄭國(guó)砥;高定;;中國(guó)城市污泥重金屬區(qū)域分布特征及變化趨勢(shì)[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2014年10期

6 胡偉桐;李U，

本文編號(hào)：1721142