本文選題：智能灌溉施肥　切入點(diǎn)：節(jié)水灌溉　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：施肥與灌溉整合是水肥一體化的特征。但是實(shí)施的技術(shù)關(guān)鍵卻不在于系統(tǒng)的管道及其灌溉控制技術(shù),而是施肥技術(shù)。國(guó)內(nèi)目前水肥一體化應(yīng)用大多偏重于技術(shù)及設(shè)施引進(jìn),考慮作物的水肥需求特征不夠充分,自動(dòng)化水平偏低。因此,有必要整合多學(xué)科現(xiàn)有成熟技術(shù),研制經(jīng)濟(jì)可靠的以管道化、精準(zhǔn)灌溉施肥為基礎(chǔ)的自動(dòng)控制灌溉施肥系統(tǒng),適應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)需求,提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)力,降低勞動(dòng)成本,保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境。本研究在前期研究的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)并制作了深液無(wú)土栽培和滴灌施肥栽培的桌面模型系統(tǒng),結(jié)合具體的栽培需求設(shè)計(jì)了柑橘園智能灌溉施肥系統(tǒng)。在桌面模型系統(tǒng)中,集成了2個(gè)子系統(tǒng),一個(gè)是基于深液無(wú)土栽培理論的營(yíng)養(yǎng)液循環(huán)與營(yíng)養(yǎng)濃度自動(dòng)控制子系統(tǒng)。深液無(wú)土栽培是從營(yíng)養(yǎng)液膜栽培法發(fā)展而來(lái)的,該方法種植作物時(shí),根系長(zhǎng)期侵泡在培養(yǎng)槽營(yíng)養(yǎng)液中,需要通過(guò)周期性排空和注入循環(huán)向營(yíng)養(yǎng)液充氧,同時(shí)使作物根系得到充分的暴氧,這一過(guò)程需要人工管理。本子系統(tǒng)的智能化能有效降低人力物力,并能自動(dòng)記錄栽培過(guò)程中營(yíng)養(yǎng)液濃度和p H值的動(dòng)態(tài)變化,如果結(jié)合植物生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài),可以為研究、開(kāi)發(fā)無(wú)土栽培的營(yíng)養(yǎng)液組成和指導(dǎo)無(wú)土栽培實(shí)踐創(chuàng)造條件。另一個(gè)是智能滴灌施肥系統(tǒng)子系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)利用水分傳感器適時(shí)檢測(cè)土壤水分含量,閉環(huán)控制自動(dòng)灌溉,在灌溉的同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)營(yíng)養(yǎng)液在線混配,能準(zhǔn)確控制營(yíng)養(yǎng)組成、提高施肥和灌溉效率,降低生產(chǎn)成本,提高產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì),最終提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。研究成功整合這2個(gè)子系統(tǒng)在一個(gè)桌面上,能結(jié)合原理,直觀、透明地演示子系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行過(guò)程,有利于提升實(shí)踐教學(xué)質(zhì)量、促進(jìn)水肥一體化技術(shù)的推廣、應(yīng)用。研究還針對(duì)華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院的柑橘施肥試驗(yàn)園的智能滴灌施肥系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì),目前灌溉施肥的首部和田間布線已經(jīng)完成,施肥數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)正在建設(shè)當(dāng)中。智能灌溉施肥技術(shù)是當(dāng)前我國(guó)發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的重要內(nèi)涵,在利用灌溉管道網(wǎng)絡(luò)和控制系統(tǒng)的輔助下,實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)施肥,不僅能有效降低灌溉水的消耗,而且大幅度降低施肥數(shù)量,優(yōu)化肥料養(yǎng)分組成,提高肥料養(yǎng)分利用率,降低過(guò)量施肥對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的不利影響、提高農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)效益。本研究成果不僅具有理論意義,而且具有實(shí)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The integration of fertilization and irrigation is the characteristic of water and fertilizer integration.But the key technology is not systematic pipe and irrigation control technology, but fertilization technology.At present, the integrated application of water and fertilizer in China is mainly focused on the introduction of technology and facilities, considering the characteristics of water and fertilizer demand of crops is not enough, and the automation level is on the low side.Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the existing mature multi-disciplinary technologies and develop an economical and reliable automatic controlled irrigation fertilization system based on pipe and precision irrigation fertilization, which can meet the needs of domestic agricultural production, increase labor productivity and reduce labor costs.Protect the ecological environment.Based on the previous research, a desktop model system for deep soilless cultivation and drip irrigation and fertilization cultivation was designed, and the intelligent irrigation and fertilization system for citrus orchard was designed according to the specific cultivation requirements.In the desktop model system, two subsystems are integrated, one is the nutrient solution circulation and nutrient concentration automatic control subsystem based on the deep liquid soilless cultivation theory.The soilless culture of deep liquid is developed from the method of nutrient liquid film cultivation. When planting crops, the root system soaks in the nutrient solution of culture trough for a long time, which needs to be filled with oxygen by periodically emptying and injecting circulation to the nutrient solution.At the same time, the root system can get sufficient oxygen, and this process needs artificial management.The intelligence of this sub-system can effectively reduce manpower and material resources, and can automatically record the dynamic changes of nutrient solution concentration and pH value in the process of cultivation.To develop soilless culture nutrient solution composition and guide soilless cultivation practice to create conditions.The other is the subsystem of intelligent drip irrigation and fertilization system. The system uses moisture sensor to detect soil moisture content in time, to control automatic irrigation with closed loop, and to realize on-line mixing of nutrient solution while irrigation, which can accurately control nutrient composition.Improve the efficiency of fertilization and irrigation, reduce production costs, improve yield and quality, and ultimately improve economic efficiency.The successful integration of the two subsystems on a single desktop can demonstrate the operation process of the subsystems intuitively and transparently, which is helpful to improve the quality of practical teaching and promote the popularization and application of the integrated technology of water and fertilizer.The intelligent drip irrigation and fertilization system in the citrus fertilization experimental garden of Huazhong Agricultural University was designed in detail. The first irrigation fertilization and field wiring have been completed, and the fertilization database is under construction.Intelligent irrigation and fertilization technology is an important connotation of the development of modern agriculture in China. With the aid of irrigation pipeline network and control system, precision fertilization can not only effectively reduce the consumption of irrigation water, but also greatly reduce the amount of fertilization.The composition of fertilizer nutrient was optimized, the utilization rate of fertilizer nutrient was increased, the adverse effect of excessive fertilization on ecological environment was reduced, and the benefit of agricultural management was improved.The results of this study are not only of theoretical significance, but also of practical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S126;S365

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