本文選題：生物炭　切入點：砂姜黑土　出處：《河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究采用室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)試驗,以砂姜黑土為供試土壤,設(shè)6個處理,分別為不添加任何物料的對照(CK)、添加1.5%的秸稈(S)、添加2.3%的雞糞有機(jī)肥(M)、添加5%的生物炭(B)、添加5%的生物炭+1.5%的秸稈(BS)和添加5%的生物炭+2.3%的雞糞有機(jī)肥(BM),研究生物炭與秸稈、有機(jī)肥配施對砂姜黑土土壤肥力、團(tuán)聚體特征和微生物性狀的影響,并揭示砂姜黑土土壤團(tuán)聚體與有機(jī)碳形成的內(nèi)在機(jī)理,為指導(dǎo)砂姜黑土改良提供理論與實踐依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.不同物料施用對土壤水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體形成的影響不同。培養(yǎng)12個月,與對照比較,B處理沒有影響土壤各粒級團(tuán)聚體分布,S處理1 mm粒級團(tuán)聚體顯著提高,M處理0.25-1 mm粒級團(tuán)聚體顯著提高,BS和BM配施處理0.053-0.25 mm粒級含量顯著降低。另外,從各物料處理土壤大小粒級團(tuán)聚體含量隨時間序列變化看,S處理和BS處理土壤小團(tuán)聚體逐漸增多;BM處理隨時間延長大團(tuán)聚體增多。2.不同物料的施用均顯著提高了砂姜黑土土壤有機(jī)碳及各粒級團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳含量,其中土壤有機(jī)碳含量以BS處理最高,但添加生物炭的各處理之間差異不顯著。S處理和M處理,土壤粒級有機(jī)碳含量隨粒級增大而增大,添加生物炭各處理隨粒級增大有機(jī)碳含量呈V型變化趨勢。B處理以及BM處理能顯著提高0.25 mm砂姜黑土大團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳含量,BS處理能顯著提高0.25 mm粒級團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳含量。與此同時,施用各物料處理土壤0.5-1 mm粒級有機(jī)碳貢獻(xiàn)率顯著提高,0.053-0.25 mm粒級團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳貢獻(xiàn)率降低。3.培養(yǎng)時間和不同物料添加對土壤團(tuán)聚體穩(wěn)定性均有較大影響。隨培養(yǎng)時間延長,不同處理土壤穩(wěn)定性有降低趨勢。培養(yǎng)12個月,各物料處理土壤平均重量直徑(MWD)、幾何平均直徑(GMD)值顯著提高,MWD以BM處理最高,GMD以S處理最高。4.對各處理土壤分形維數(shù)分析顯示,隨培養(yǎng)時間的延長,S、B、BS和BM四個處理土壤分形維數(shù)有增大的趨勢,而M處理有減小的趨勢。培養(yǎng)12個月,M處理BM處理土壤分形維數(shù)降低,添加秸稈處理的土壤分形維數(shù)提高。5.不同物料施用均有利于土壤微生物數(shù)量和微生物生物量的提高。與對照相比,細(xì)菌數(shù)量和微生物量生物碳含量以BM處理提高最多,真菌數(shù)量以S處理提高最多,放線菌數(shù)量以BM處理提高最多,微生物量生物氮含量以M處理提高最多。6.培養(yǎng)時間和不同物料施用對土壤pH均有不同程度的影響。隨時間延長,與原始土壤比較,CK處理土壤pH呈降低趨勢;S和M處理的土壤pH呈先升高后逐漸降低并低于原始土壤,添加生物炭各處理呈先升高后隨時間推移趨于穩(wěn)定,但仍高于原始土壤。培養(yǎng)12個月后,除S處理外,其余各物料處理土壤pH與對照土壤相比均顯著提高,以BM處理最高。7.不同物料施用下,隨培養(yǎng)時間延長,各物料處理土壤堿解氮含量提高,土壤速效鉀先升高后趨于穩(wěn)定,且高于原始土壤,而土壤速效磷含量除M和BM處理先升高后降低趨于穩(wěn)定且高于原始土壤外,其余處理均降低且低于原始土壤。培養(yǎng)12個月,各有機(jī)物料處理土壤速效養(yǎng)分含量顯著提高,堿解氮含量和速效磷含量均以BM處理提高最多,速效鉀含量以BS處理提高最多。8.相關(guān)分析表明,土壤微生物量生物碳含量與土壤有機(jī)碳和堿解氮含量之間達(dá)極顯著正相關(guān),土壤微生物量生物氮含量與土壤有機(jī)碳和堿解氮含量之間達(dá)顯著正相關(guān)。綜上所述,在12個月周期的室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)試驗中,生物炭與秸稈配施在培養(yǎng)前期有利于土有利于大團(tuán)聚體含量和土壤團(tuán)聚體穩(wěn)定性的提高,降低土壤分形維數(shù),提升土壤碳水平;生物炭與有機(jī)肥配施有利于土壤pH提升、后期有利于大團(tuán)聚體的形成和微生物活性的提高,降低土壤分形維數(shù),提升土壤碳水平。
[Abstract]:The research in the laboratory, in Shajiang black soil as tested soil, 6 treatments were as control without any material (CK), adding 1.5% straw (S), chicken manure organic fertilizer added 2.3% (M), biochar added 5% (B), BAC + 1.5% add 5% of the straw (BS) chicken manure organic fertilizer with 5% and biological carbon +2.3% (BM), the research of biochar and straw, organic fertilizer on soil fertility of Shajiang black soil, characteristics and microbial properties of aggregates, and reveal the Shajiang black soil aggregates and organic carbon in the formation of mechanism. To provide theoretical and practical basis for the guidance of Shajiang Black Soil improvement. The main results are as follows: 1. different materials with different effects on soil water stable aggregates. For 12 months, compared with control, B treatment did not affect the soil aggregate distribution at S 1 mm aggregates increased significantly, M 0 .25-1 mm aggregates increased significantly, BS and BM fertilizer 0.053-0.25 mm particle content was significantly reduced. In addition, from the material treatment soil particle size aggregates content with time sequence changes, S treatment and BS treatment of soil aggregates increased gradually with time prolonging; BM treatment increased.2. aggregates of different material application significantly increased Shajiang Black Soil Organic carbon and various aggregates organic carbon content, the soil organic carbon content in BS treatment was the highest, but the treatment of biochar there was no significant difference between.S treatment and M treatment, soil particle organic carbon content increases with the particle size increasing, biochar treatments with the size increase of organic carbon content is V trend in.B treatment and BM treatment can significantly improve the black soil organic carbon in aggregates content 0.25 mm sand, BS treatment can significantly improve the 0.25 mm aggregates with machine Carbon content. At the same time, the application of the material treatment soil 0.5-1 mm fraction organic carbon contribution rate increased significantly, 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates organic carbon contribution rate and reduce the culture time of.3. and different material addition on the stability of soil aggregates have a greater impact. With the prolongation of the culture time, different treatments of soil stability decreased. For 12 months, the mean weight diameter of soil material treatment (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD) was significantly increased, MWD to BM the highest GMD to the highest S.4. on the soil fractal dimension analysis showed that prolonged incubation time, with S, B, BS and BM four soil fractal dimension increased the trend, while M decreased. After 12 months, M BM reduced the soil fractal dimension, the fractal dimension of soil added straw treatment increased.5. application of different materials were beneficial to soil microorganisms And microbial biomass increased. Compared with the control, the number of bacteria and microbial biomass carbon content in BM increased the most, the number of fungi in S increased the most, the number of actinomycetes increased most in BM treatment, microbial biomass nitrogen content in M increased the influence of most.6. culture application time and different material in different degrees the soil pH was. With the time prolonging, compared with the original soil, CK soil pH decreased S and M; the soil pH increased first and then decreased and lower than that of the original soil. Biochar treatments were first increased and then tended to be stable over time, but still higher than the original soil cultivation of 12. After a month, except for S treatment, the rest of the material treatment of soil pH was significantly increased compared with the control soil, the highest.7. of different materials application with BM, with the prolongation of the culture time, the material treatment of soil nitrogen content increased, The soil available potassium increased firstly and then tends to be stable, and is higher than the original soil, and soil available phosphorus content in M and BM increased first and then decreased and stabilized soil is higher than that of the original, the other treatment were lower and lower than that of the original soil. For 12 months, the organic material treatment significantly increased the content of soil available nutrients, nitrogen the content and the content of available phosphorus in BM treatment was higher than the content of available potassium in the treatment of BS with up to.8. correlation analysis showed that soil microbial biomass carbon content and soil organic carbon and nitrogen content were significantly positive correlation between soil microbial biomass, nitrogen content and soil organic carbon and nitrogen content a significant positive correlation. In summary, in the 12 months period of incubation experiments, biological activated carbon and straw fertilizer in the cultivation period was beneficial to soil in favor of large aggregates and soil aggregate stability. The soil fractal dimension and the level of soil carbon increased. The combination of biochar and organic manure increased the pH of soil. Later, it was beneficial for the formation of large aggregates and the improvement of microbial activity, the reduction of soil fractal dimension and the increase of soil carbon level.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S158

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