本文選題：內(nèi)生真菌　切入點(diǎn)：致病真菌　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：內(nèi)生真菌具有促進(jìn)植物生長(zhǎng),提高植物的抗病、抗逆性的功能,其農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)用前景廣闊。印度梨形孢(Piriformospora indica)是從印度塔爾沙漠的灌木根內(nèi)分離到的一種能夠誘導(dǎo)多種植物對(duì)生物和非生物逆境脅迫產(chǎn)生抗性的植物根系內(nèi)生真菌；威廉斯梨形孢(Piriformospora williamsii)和梨形蠟殼耳菌(Sebacina vermifera)是與印度梨形孢同屬于蠟殼耳目的兩種內(nèi)生真菌,這三種內(nèi)生真菌的菌絲與厚垣孢子的形態(tài)較相似。煙草是我國(guó)重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,中國(guó)是世界上最大的煙草生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)國(guó)。煙草及煙草制品農(nóng)藥殘留量、重金屬含量是各國(guó)在煙草制品質(zhì)量控制中的重要內(nèi)容,是國(guó)際煙葉市場(chǎng)評(píng)價(jià)和選購(gòu)的重要指標(biāo)。因此,開展內(nèi)生真菌對(duì)煙草的促生作用、誘導(dǎo)抗病作用及降低煙葉中的重金屬含量作用的研究,減少煙草生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中農(nóng)藥化肥的使用,提高煙草制品的質(zhì)量具有重要作用,同時(shí)對(duì)進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)內(nèi)生真菌對(duì)植物的生物學(xué)作用具有重要意義。本論文主要從三種內(nèi)生真菌及其分泌物對(duì)煙草的促生作用、誘導(dǎo)抗病作用及對(duì)煙葉重金屬Hg和As影響等方面進(jìn)行研究,主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.三種內(nèi)生真菌及其分泌物對(duì)煙草的促生作用。在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇MS培養(yǎng)基作為這三種真菌與煙草共培養(yǎng)用的培養(yǎng)基。通過(guò)比較接種1塊和2塊菌絲塊對(duì)煙草的促生作用,結(jié)果表明：不同菌對(duì)煙草促生作用適宜菌絲塊是不同的。印度梨形孢和梨形蠟殼耳菌接種2塊比1塊對(duì)煙草的促生作用更好,威廉斯梨形孢接種12塊比2塊對(duì)煙草的促生作用更好。接種2塊印度梨形孢的煙草,其根、葉干重是對(duì)照煙草的3倍、3.8倍,接種2塊梨形蠟殼耳菌菌絲塊的煙草,其根、葉干重是對(duì)照煙草的2倍、3倍；接種1塊威廉斯梨形孢菌絲塊的煙草,其根、葉干重是對(duì)照煙草的1.5倍、2.2倍。MS培養(yǎng)基上研究發(fā)現(xiàn),三種內(nèi)生真菌的分泌物顯著促進(jìn)了煙草的生長(zhǎng)。加有印度梨形孢、威廉斯梨形孢和梨形蠟殼耳菌分泌物的煙草,其葉鮮重分別為對(duì)照煙草的7.2、3.5、5.5倍,其葉干重分別是對(duì)照煙草的3.0、1.0、2.0倍。盆栽試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：三種內(nèi)生真菌都顯著促進(jìn)了盆栽煙草的生長(zhǎng)。根部有印度梨形孢、威廉斯梨形孢和梨形蠟殼耳菌定殖的煙草,其株高分別是對(duì)照煙草的2.0、1.4、1.9倍,其最大葉面積分別是對(duì)照煙草的1.3、1.1、1.3倍。2.三種內(nèi)生真菌對(duì)煙草的抗病作用及其初步機(jī)理。盆栽接種試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：根部有印度梨形孢、威廉斯梨形孢和梨形蠟殼耳菌定殖的煙草,在根基部接種煙草疫霉菌(Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae)后,發(fā)病嚴(yán)重度顯著低于對(duì)照。根部有印度梨形孢定殖的煙草,PAL、POD和PPO活性分別是對(duì)照的3.99、1.5、2.66倍；煙草葉片中抗病相關(guān)基因PR1b、P450-2、 hrs203J、NmIMSP和P450-1的表達(dá)量分別是對(duì)照煙草的3.8、15.7、3.1、2.6和1.5倍。印度梨形孢、威廉斯梨形孢和梨形蠟殼耳菌顯著提高煙草對(duì)終極腐霉(Pythium ultimum)的抗性。在接菌后第9d,其苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、過(guò)氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性是對(duì)照煙草的1.7、1.8、1.6倍；根部有威廉斯梨形孢定殖的煙草,在接菌后第9d,其PAL、POD、PPO活性是對(duì)照煙草的1.4、1.5、2.7倍。根部有梨形蠟殼耳菌定殖的煙草,在接菌后第9d,其PAL、POD、PPO活性是對(duì)照煙草的1.2、1.5、1.3倍。3.三種內(nèi)生真菌對(duì)煙草重金屬含量的影響試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：三種內(nèi)生真菌對(duì)煙草抗重金屬的作用是不同的。根部有印度梨形孢定殖的煙草,其根、莖、葉中汞的含量分別下降了30.33%、57.39%、59.42%；根部定殖有威廉斯梨形孢的煙草,其根中砷的含量增加了1.06倍,其莖、葉中砷的含量分別下降了50.26%和71.21%。而根部有梨形蠟殼耳菌定殖的煙草,其葉片中重金屬汞和砷的含量都顯著高于對(duì)照煙草。RT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,砷脅迫下,根部有威廉斯梨形孢定殖的煙草,其葉片中抗重金屬相關(guān)基因ARP1、Ngm、PCS1、NtERD1OC、JIH1、NtAQP1、HO1的表達(dá)量分別是對(duì)照煙草的1.2、1.6、1.5、4.4、1.2、4.9倍。
[Abstract]:Endophytic fungi can promote plant growth, improve plant resistance, resistance function, its agricultural prospects. India pear shaped spore (Piriformospora indica) is a kind of can induce a variety of plant biological and non biological plant stress resistant endophytic fungi isolated from the root of the Thar desert in India the pear shaped spore; Williams (Piriformospora williamsii) and pear shaped wax ear bacteria (Sebacina vermifera) and India pear shaped spore sebacinales belong to two species of endophytic fungi, mycelium of the three endophytic fungi and chlamydospore morphology is similar. Tobacco is an important economic crop in China Chinese, is the world's largest tobacco producing and consuming country. The residues of pesticides in tobacco and tobacco products, is the important content of heavy metal content in the quality control of tobacco products in the international tobacco market evaluation and selection An important index. Therefore, to carry out endophytic fungi on tobacco growth promoting effect, study on the induced resistance effect and reduce the effect of heavy metal content in tobacco leaves, reduce the use of pesticides in tobacco production of chemical fertilizer, which plays an important role in improving the quality of tobacco products, and is of great significance to the further understanding of the biological effects of Endophytic Fungi on plant. This paper mainly from the three species of Endophytic Fungi on tobacco and its secretion promoting effect, studied the induced resistance effect and influence on tobacco heavy metals Hg and As, the main results are as follows: 1. three kinds of endophytic fungi and their secretion on tobacco growth promoting effect. On the basis of previous studies, the MS medium was chosen as the three kinds of fungi and tobacco co culture medium. By comparing with 1 and 2 blocks of tobacco mycelium growth promoting effect, the results showed that different strains of tobacco growth 浣滅敤閫傚疁鑿屼笣鍧楁槸涓嶅悓鐨，

本文編號(hào)：1717267