本文選題：黑土　切入點(diǎn)：土壤有機(jī)碳　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)東北黑土區(qū)是世界最為珍貴的黑土區(qū)之一,是我國(guó)重要的糧食生產(chǎn)基地。有機(jī)質(zhì)含量高,土質(zhì)肥沃是黑土的主要特征。隨著人類(lèi)活動(dòng)對(duì)土壤的擾動(dòng)逐年增加,黑土肥力嚴(yán)重退化,同時(shí)也造成土壤碳的大量釋放,農(nóng)田土壤碳極易由碳匯向碳源轉(zhuǎn)變。為了明確黑土農(nóng)田土壤有機(jī)碳現(xiàn)狀,揭示近30年來(lái)土壤碳庫(kù)變化速率及其關(guān)鍵控制因子以及土壤有機(jī)碳變化的驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制,本研究以黑龍江省海倫市黑土農(nóng)田為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析方法,結(jié)合全國(guó)第二次土壤普查資料(1981年)與2011年實(shí)地監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)1981年及2011年海倫市農(nóng)田表層(0~20cm)土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量及其變化速率進(jìn)行了估算、對(duì)土壤有機(jī)碳空間分布特征與變化及其影響因素進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,同時(shí)通過(guò)室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)方法,研究影響土壤有機(jī)碳礦化的主要調(diào)控因子。結(jié)果表明:近30年海倫市農(nóng)田土壤有機(jī)碳含量呈現(xiàn)先降低(1981~2000)后緩慢增加的趨勢(shì)(2000~2011)。但是在過(guò)去30年土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量的總變化依然表現(xiàn)為降低,30年間農(nóng)田土壤有機(jī)碳變化的分布表現(xiàn)出較大的空間變異;1981年、2011年黑龍江省海倫市表層黑土農(nóng)田土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量分別為22.5×106 Mg和18.2×106 Mg,土壤有機(jī)碳密度平均變化速率為-0.49 Mg C/ha/yr。30年內(nèi)土壤呈現(xiàn)丟碳狀態(tài),相對(duì)丟碳面積高達(dá)約84%,僅有3%表現(xiàn)為固碳,全市農(nóng)田土壤丟碳量占1981年碳儲(chǔ)量的19.1%。不同土壤類(lèi)型中,初始有機(jī)碳密度越高的土壤類(lèi)型其有機(jī)碳降低速率越大,有機(jī)碳年變化率與初始有機(jī)碳密度呈顯著反比關(guān)系(P0.001);相比1981年,2011年的土壤碳氮比顯著下降(P0.001)。土壤碳氮比的降低可能促進(jìn)了土壤有機(jī)碳的礦化,不利于有機(jī)碳的固存;從海倫市東北到西南部,農(nóng)田土壤平均有機(jī)碳呈現(xiàn)從固定到損失的趨勢(shì)(P0.05)。土壤有機(jī)碳的礦化與溫度、初始有機(jī)碳含量和外源性有機(jī)物質(zhì)的添加密切相關(guān)。一般而言,較高溫度、初始有機(jī)碳含量較高的土壤具有較高的有機(jī)碳礦化速率;有效性更高的外源有機(jī)物質(zhì)更有利于土壤有機(jī)碳的礦化;但溫度和外源碳添加對(duì)土壤有機(jī)碳礦化的影響受土壤初始有機(jī)碳含量的影響。因此,在不同的生產(chǎn)條件下,應(yīng)根據(jù)研究區(qū)域因地制宜地,采取適當(dāng)?shù)墓烫即胧?實(shí)現(xiàn)土壤有機(jī)碳的固存。
[Abstract]:Northeast China Black soil region is one of the most precious black soil regions in the world and an important grain production base in China.The organic matter content is high, the soil quality is fertile is the black soil main characteristic.With the increasing disturbance of soil caused by human activities, the fertility of black soil is degraded seriously, which also results in a large amount of soil carbon release, and soil carbon in farmland is easily transformed from carbon sink to carbon source.In order to clarify the present situation of soil organic carbon in black soil farmland, reveal the rate of soil carbon pool change and its key controlling factors and the driving mechanism of soil organic carbon change in recent 30 years, this study took the black soil farmland of Helun City, Heilongjiang Province as the research object.Based on the data of the second national soil census (1981) and the field monitoring data of 2011, the soil organic carbon storage and its change rate were estimated by using geostatistics analysis method.The spatial distribution and variation of soil organic carbon and its influencing factors were systematically studied, and the main regulating factors affecting soil organic carbon mineralization were studied through indoor cultivation.The results showed that the content of soil organic carbon (SOC) decreased first and then increased slowly in recent 30 years.However, the total change of soil organic carbon reserves in the past 30 years still shows that the distribution of soil organic carbon changes in the past 30 years shows a large spatial variation. In 1981, 2011, the surface black soil of Helun City, Heilongjiang Province, showed a large spatial variation.The mechanical carbon storage was 22. 5 脳 10 ~ 6 mg and 18. 2 脳 10 ~ 6 mg, respectively. The average change rate of soil organic carbon density was -0. 49 mg C/ha/yr.30.The area of relative carbon loss is as high as 84%, only 3% is carbon sequestration, the amount of carbon lost from farmland soil in the whole city accounts for 19.1% of the carbon storage in 1981.The decrease of soil carbon / nitrogen ratio may promote the mineralization of soil organic carbon, which is not conducive to the sequestration of organic carbon, and from northeast to southwest of Helen City, the average soil organic carbon in farmland shows the trend from fixation to loss.The mineralization of soil organic carbon is closely related to temperature, initial organic carbon content and the addition of exogenous organic matter.Generally speaking, soil with higher temperature and higher initial organic carbon content has higher organic carbon mineralization rate, higher availability of exogenous organic matter is more favorable to soil organic carbon mineralization.However, the effect of temperature and exogenous carbon addition on soil organic carbon mineralization was affected by soil initial organic carbon content.Therefore, under different production conditions, appropriate carbon sequestration measures should be taken according to local conditions to achieve soil organic carbon sequestration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S153.6

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