本文選題：生態(tài)清潔小流域　切入點：需求　出處：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)清潔小流域是適應(yīng)新形勢下水土保持需求提出的新理論,是小流域治理的新概念。生態(tài)清潔小流域建設(shè)是當(dāng)前縣(區(qū))級水土保持規(guī)劃的重要內(nèi)容。然而在生態(tài)清潔小流域推廣建設(shè)這一背景下,并未有一套科學(xué)的方法、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來指導(dǎo)地區(qū)生態(tài)清潔小流域建設(shè),生態(tài)清潔小流域建設(shè)存在主觀性、盲目性、隨意性的可能。本文據(jù)此提出在縣(區(qū))級水土保持規(guī)劃背景下,利用理論分析方法、層次分析法(AHP)、結(jié)構(gòu)熵權(quán)法開展關(guān)于喀斯特山區(qū)生態(tài)清潔小流域建設(shè)需求評價指標(biāo)體系研究;將理論結(jié)合實踐,以盤縣為研究對象,運用GIS技術(shù)獲取基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),將構(gòu)建的指標(biāo)體系應(yīng)用于對盤縣生態(tài)清潔小流域建設(shè)需求綜合評價。論文主要研究成果如下:(1)按照層次分析法(AHP)思想,構(gòu)建了建設(shè)生態(tài)清潔小流域需求評價指標(biāo)體系。確定指標(biāo)體系包含水源維護(hù)需求、人居環(huán)境維護(hù)需求、水土流失治理需求、治污需求、生態(tài)環(huán)境維護(hù)需求共5個準(zhǔn)則層因素;水源功能、水功能劃類、聚落環(huán)境、人均收入、人口密度、水土流失率、大于5°坡耕地面積占比、石漠化面積占比、農(nóng)用地面積占比、建設(shè)用地面積占比、各類保護(hù)區(qū)面積占比、林草指標(biāo)面積占比共12個子準(zhǔn)則層表達(dá)指標(biāo)。(2)引用結(jié)構(gòu)熵權(quán)法確定指標(biāo)體系指標(biāo)權(quán)重。準(zhǔn)則層因素權(quán)重關(guān)系確定為水源維護(hù)需求(0.2798)水土流失治理需求(0.2412)治污需求(0.1852)人居環(huán)境維護(hù)需求(0.157)生態(tài)環(huán)境維護(hù)需求(0.1368)。(3)提出采用10分制評分方法對子準(zhǔn)則層表達(dá)指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行歸一化處理,確定了不同表達(dá)指標(biāo)的分級評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(4)應(yīng)用本文構(gòu)建的評價體系對盤縣生態(tài)清潔小流域建設(shè)需求進(jìn)行綜合評價,實現(xiàn)了盤縣142條小流域生態(tài)清潔建設(shè)需求的定量評價,需求評價得分由低至高在2.88~7.43之間。(5)通過選擇5條小流域進(jìn)行實地調(diào)查,驗證了盤縣生態(tài)清潔小流域建設(shè)需求評價結(jié)果的合理性。(6)本文構(gòu)建的生態(tài)清潔小流域建設(shè)需求評價體系,應(yīng)用于盤縣生態(tài)清潔小流域建設(shè)需求評價,取得了一定成果,驗證了該評價指標(biāo)體系應(yīng)用于喀斯特山區(qū)生態(tài)清潔小流域建設(shè)具有較強的實用性和現(xiàn)實意義,為今后生態(tài)清潔小流域建設(shè)需求評價的進(jìn)一步研究奠定了基礎(chǔ),對生態(tài)清潔小流域相關(guān)研究有一定的參考意義。
[Abstract]:Ecological clean small watershed is a new theory to meet the demand of soil and water conservation under the new situation, and it is a new concept of small watershed management.The construction of ecological clean small watershed is an important content of soil and water conservation planning at county level.However, under the background of popularizing and constructing ecological clean small watershed, there is not a set of scientific method and standard to guide the construction of ecological clean small watershed. The construction of ecological clean small watershed has the possibility of subjectivity, blindness and arbitrariness.In this paper, under the background of soil and water conservation planning at county (district) level, using theoretical analysis method, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and structural entropy method, the evaluation index system of ecological clean small watershed construction demand in karst mountain area is studied.Combining theory with practice, taking Pan County as the research object, using GIS technology to obtain the basic data, the index system is applied to the comprehensive evaluation of the construction demand of ecological clean small watershed in Panxian County.The main research results are as follows: (1) according to the thought of Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the evaluation index system of ecological clean small watershed is constructed.The index system includes five factors: water maintenance demand, habitat environment maintenance demand, soil erosion control demand, pollution control demand, ecological environment maintenance demand, water source function, water function classification, settlement environment, per capita income, etc.Population density, the rate of soil and water loss, the proportion of the area of sloping land more than 5 擄, the area of rocky desertification, the area of agricultural land, the area of construction land, the area of all kinds of protected areas,The index weight of index system was determined by using structure entropy weight method.The criterion layer factor weight relation is determined as water source maintenance demand 0.2798) soil erosion control demand 0.2412) pollution control demand 0.1852) habitat environment maintenance demand 0.157) ecological environment maintenance demand 0.1368.The standard data is normalized,The evaluation system constructed in this paper is used to comprehensively evaluate the construction demand of ecological clean small watershed in Panxian county, and the quantitative evaluation of 142 small watershed ecological clean construction demand in pan county is realized.From low to high between 2.887.43 and 2.887.43) through field investigation of 5 small watersheds, the rationality of the evaluation results of ecological clean small watershed construction demand in Panxian County is verified. 6) the ecological clean small watershed construction needs evaluation system constructed in this paper.It has been applied to the assessment of the needs of ecological clean small watershed construction in Panxian County, and has obtained certain results, which proves that the application of the evaluation index system in the construction of ecological clean small watershed in karst mountain area has strong practicability and practical significance.It lays a foundation for the further research on the needs assessment of ecological clean small watershed construction in the future, and has certain reference significance for the relevant research of ecological clean small watershed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S157

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