本文選題：阿特拉津　切入點：摩西球囊霉　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：阿特拉津是一種國內(nèi)外農(nóng)業(yè)上常用的除草劑,雖然具有很低的毒性,但是由于長時間的大面積使用、加之自身結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定不易降解從而導致在環(huán)境中殘留時間長,而且是一種環(huán)境荷爾蒙和潛在致癌物質(zhì),目前已經(jīng)對我國的環(huán)境生態(tài)安全造成了相當大的威脅。叢枝菌根真菌(Abscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AMF)是一種很常見的菌根真菌,其菌絲可以通過侵入宿主植物的細胞組織內(nèi)部,與之根部形成共生體系。目前,利用叢枝菌根真菌-植物構(gòu)建的復(fù)合體系對污染物進行聯(lián)合修復(fù)的方法由于具有應(yīng)用成本低、修復(fù)效率高、對環(huán)境友好且安全不產(chǎn)生二次污染等優(yōu)勢,已經(jīng)逐漸成為了生態(tài)修復(fù)領(lǐng)域一項極其具有發(fā)展前景的技術(shù)。本文采用水培盆栽方法進行實驗,以濕地植物蘆葦作為供試植物,以農(nóng)藥阿特拉津作為研究對象,在播種前向基質(zhì)中接種摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae,GM),以不接菌處理作為空白對照,研究共生體系對濕地中阿特拉津的修復(fù)作用。實驗結(jié)果表明:經(jīng)過25d的施藥周期后,實驗基質(zhì)中施加的阿特拉津絕大部分被降解,且降解速率隨時間變化呈現(xiàn)先快后慢的趨勢。不同濃度的阿特拉津降解速率也有所不同,在藥物濃度為0.1mg/L時,其降解速率是最高的。接種AM真菌使得植物對阿特拉津的降解效果更好,各濃度培養(yǎng)液中阿特拉津的平均降解率較不接菌處理高約13.83%。在播種前,通過向培養(yǎng)基質(zhì)中人工施加AM菌劑,在環(huán)境適宜的條件下,AM菌劑對蘆葦根部的侵染率可以達到17.67%,菌根依賴性指數(shù)達到342%。接種AM真菌植株的株高較未接菌處理高出27.88%、根長高出45.50%、地上地下兩部分生物量分別比未接菌處理高192%和221%。且接種AM真菌后,能夠使得蘆葦?shù)墓夂献饔眉訌�、葉片中葉綠素含量也有明顯提高。在阿特拉津脅迫下,菌根的存在可以對蘆葦產(chǎn)生很好的保護作用,擴大了蘆葦對阿特拉津脅迫的承受閾值(≤1mg/L),并且在有效閾值內(nèi)能夠顯著提高植物的抗逆能力,植物根部過氧化物酶活性均有明顯提高、丙二醛含量降低。接種AMF還能有效提高基質(zhì)中的土壤脲酶的活力。蘆葦植株對阿特拉津的富集能力較低,初始添加的藥品主要通過取代、分解、氧化等化學反應(yīng)途徑被降解。施加AM菌劑后,阿特拉津的代謝途徑較空白對照組在過程中有所不同,但兩組處理均會最終生成主要的降解產(chǎn)物——三聚氰胺酸二酰胺(C3N5OH5),很有可能是降解過程中的反應(yīng)類型不同或反應(yīng)速率不同從而導致了最終降解率的差別。蘆葦與AM真菌構(gòu)成共生體系后,使得植物的各項生長生理指標、抗逆能力和對阿特拉津的降解能力都有了很大的提高,因此,利用微生物-植物共生體系對污染物進行聯(lián)合修復(fù)的技術(shù)具有很高的實用性,應(yīng)用前景是十分可觀的。
[Abstract]:Atrazine is a herbicide commonly used in agriculture at home and abroad. Although it has low toxicity, it has been used for a long time on a large scale, and its structure is stable and difficult to degrade, resulting in a long residual time in the environment.Moreover, it is a kind of environmental hormone and potential carcinogen, which has posed a great threat to the ecological security of our country.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Amycorrhizal mycorrhizal fungi) are common mycorrhizal fungi. Their hyphae can form a symbiotic system by invading the cells of the host plant and forming a symbiotic system with the root of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.At present, the composite system constructed by arbuscular mycorrhizal mycorrhizal fungi and plants has the advantages of low application cost, high remediation efficiency, environmental friendliness and no secondary pollution.It has gradually become an extremely promising technology in the field of ecological restoration.In this paper, a pot culture experiment was carried out. The wetland plant Reed was used as the experimental plant, the pesticide atrazine was used as the research object, the GMN of Glomus mosseaeae was inoculated into the substrate before seeding, and the non-inoculated treatment was used as the blank control.To study the effect of symbiotic system on atrazine in wetland.The results showed that after 25 days of application, most of the atrazine applied in the experimental substrate were degraded, and the degradation rate showed a tendency of first faster then slower with time.The degradation rate of atrazine at different concentrations was different, and the degradation rate of atrazine was the highest when the drug concentration was 0.1mg/L.The average degradation rate of atrazine was 13.83% higher than that of non-inoculated AM fungi.Before sowing, the infection rate of AM on the root of Reed could reach 17.67, and the mycorrhizal dependence index reached 342.The infection rate of AM bacteria on Reed root was 17.67 by artificial application of AM bacteria to the culture substrate under the suitable environment.The plant height of AM plant inoculated with AM fungi was 27.88 higher than that of uninoculated treatment, and the root length was 45.50% higher than that of uninoculated treatment. The biomass of the above ground and underground parts was 19.2% and 221% higher than that of the uninoculated treatment, respectively.After inoculation with AM fungi, the photosynthesis of Reed was strengthened, and the chlorophyll content in leaves was also increased.Under atrazine stress, the existence of mycorrhizal mycorrhiza could protect Reed from stress, which increased the tolerance threshold (鈮，

本文編號：1714274