本文選題：秸稈焚燒　切入點(diǎn)：有機(jī)質(zhì)　出處：《生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)》2016年02期

【摘要】：秸稈露天焚燒作為對廢棄秸稈常見的處理方式在中國普遍存在。目前的研究多集中在焚燒對區(qū)域大氣環(huán)境的影響,對土壤環(huán)境的化學(xué)效應(yīng)研究較少。因此,為揭示大田秸稈焚燒對土壤生物化學(xué)性質(zhì)的影響,設(shè)置不焚燒(CK)、減量焚燒(A1)、全量焚燒(A2)、增量焚燒(A3)4個處理,通過連續(xù)4個月的田間小區(qū)定位試驗(yàn),探究不同小麥秸稈焚燒量對耕層0—5 cm土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、微生物數(shù)量、土壤養(yǎng)分含量的即時效應(yīng)和各指標(biāo)在玉米各生育期內(nèi)的變化情況。結(jié)果表明:小麥秸稈焚燒1 d后土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量和微生物數(shù)量相對于CK顯著降低(P0.05)。其中,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量在焚燒后減少11.0%—22.1%,真菌數(shù)量降低30.8%—56.1%,細(xì)菌數(shù)量降低50.6%—72.6%,放線菌數(shù)量降低46.9%—68.3%。土壤全效和速效養(yǎng)分含量顯著增加(P0.05):全磷含量增加6.5%—12.9%,全鉀含量增加4.6%—18.1%,全氮含量增加2.6%—13.2%。速效磷含量增加9.8%—39.1%,速效鉀含量增加13.2%—39.1%,銨態(tài)氮含量增加8.6%—38.7%,硝態(tài)氮含量增加1.4%—9.2%。各指標(biāo)的變化幅度隨焚燒量的增多而加大(A3A2A1)。玉米生育期內(nèi),焚燒處理的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量平均恢復(fù)5.6%(A1A2A3)。與有機(jī)質(zhì)相比,焚燒處理土壤微生物數(shù)量恢復(fù)程度較高,其中細(xì)菌的恢復(fù)速率最快。在玉米苗期各焚燒處理的真菌、細(xì)菌和放線菌平均數(shù)量相對于CK依次降低12.7%、17.4%、11.9%,在大喇叭口期和成熟期,微生物數(shù)量與CK間差異不顯著。速效養(yǎng)分含量在玉米生育期顯著高于CK。在玉米苗期、大喇叭口期和成熟期,相對于CK速效磷含量平均增加24.9%、27.0%、29.2%,速效鉀平均增加24.0%、14.1%、15.2%,銨態(tài)氮平均增加25.5%、23.1%、20.2%,硝態(tài)氮平均增加20.8%、19.2%、19.8%。
[Abstract]:Open burning of straw is a common treatment of waste straw in China.At present, most of the researches focus on the effects of incineration on the regional atmospheric environment, but less on the chemical effects of the soil environment.Therefore, in order to reveal the effect of straw incineration on the biochemical properties of soil, four treatments, including non-incineration, incineration, incineration, incineration, incineration and incremental incineration, were carried out for 4 months.To explore the immediate effect of different wheat straw burning amount on the content of organic matter, microbial quantity and soil nutrient content in 0-5 cm soil of cultivated layer, and the changes of each index during the growth period of maize.The results showed that the content of soil organic matter and the amount of microorganism in wheat straw burned for 1 day were significantly lower than that of CK.Among them, the content of organic matter decreased 11.0-22.1, the number of fungi decreased 30.8-56.1, the number of bacteria decreased 50.6-72.6, the quantity of actinomycetes decreased 46.9- 68.3.Soil total and available nutrient contents increased significantly (P 0.05): total phosphorus content increased 6.5-12.9, total potassium content increased 4.6-18.1, total nitrogen content increased 2.6- 13.2%.The content of available phosphorus increased 9.8-39.1, the content of available potassium increased 13.2-39.1, the content of ammonium increased 8.6-38.7, and the content of nitrate increased 1.4-9.2.The change range of each index increased with the increase of incineration amount.During maize growing period, the content of organic matter in the soil treated by incineration was restored to 5.6A _ 1A _ 2A _ 3 on average.Compared with organic matter, the recovery rate of soil microorganism in incineration treatment was higher than that in organic matter, and the recovery rate of bacteria was the fastest.The average number of bacteria and actinomycetes decreased by 12.7 and 11.9in turn compared with CK in each incineration stage of maize seedling, but there was no significant difference between microbial number and CK in big bell mouth stage and mature stage.The content of available nutrients was significantly higher than that of CK in maize growth period.鍦ㄧ帀綾寵嫍鏈，

本文編號：1711939