本文選題：線蟲分離　切入點(diǎn)：復(fù)合脅迫　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤生態(tài)功能的穩(wěn)定性關(guān)系到人類的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,因而維持和提高土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性一直是土壤生態(tài)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)中心問(wèn)題。影響土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性主要有生物因素和非生物因素兩大類。近年來(lái),關(guān)于非生物因素對(duì)土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性影響的研究一直在持續(xù),但是多集中在單一脅迫上,很少有人研究復(fù)合脅迫對(duì)土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的影響。由于土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)多暴露于多種脅迫之下,所以很有必要對(duì)復(fù)合脅迫下土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的變化進(jìn)行深入的探討。作為土壤中數(shù)量最大及多樣性最高的動(dòng)物類群之一,土壤線蟲不僅在維持土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能中起著不可替代的作用,而且能夠反映土壤環(huán)境的微小變化。因此,線蟲的群落結(jié)構(gòu)可以用于指示土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的變化。本研究設(shè)置了幾個(gè)脅迫因素(銅、干燥、加熱和除草劑),通過(guò)測(cè)定脅迫下有機(jī)物料(小麥葉粉和水稻秸稈)的分解程度和土壤線蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)的改變來(lái)反映土壤生態(tài)功能的穩(wěn)定性變化。首先探討了紅壤用量對(duì)線蟲分離效果的影響,以確定分離線蟲的最佳條件;其次研究單一脅迫(干燥、加熱和除草劑)及復(fù)合脅迫(干燥+加熱、干燥+加熱+除草劑)在三種不同的農(nóng)業(yè)管理措施(常規(guī)淹水、裸地旱作和秸稈覆蓋旱作)下對(duì)對(duì)土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的影響;最后,采用原位富集線蟲的方法,設(shè)置三種處理(大量線蟲、含有極少量線蟲、含有極少量線蟲但回接微生物群落),研究食細(xì)菌線蟲對(duì)銅或加熱脅迫下土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:對(duì)質(zhì)地較為粘重的紅壤土而言,建議采用150g且土壤厚度小于1.00cm的樣品量來(lái)分離線蟲;三種農(nóng)業(yè)管理措施下,施加脅迫對(duì)土壤微生物及線蟲活性、土壤養(yǎng)分含量及土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的影響差異并不顯著,且對(duì)土壤或生物因子變化的響應(yīng)近乎一致;復(fù)合脅迫較單一脅迫帶來(lái)的危害更大,尤其表現(xiàn)在對(duì)土壤線蟲數(shù)量的影響上;無(wú)論是在持續(xù)性的Cu脅迫還是在瞬間的熱脅迫下,添加大量線蟲的土壤中,其土壤呼吸值和土壤恢復(fù)力均顯著高于其他兩種添加少量線蟲的土壤.說(shuō)明食細(xì)菌線蟲可以提高土壤的恢復(fù)力。綜上所述,本研究進(jìn)一步明確了生物因素和非生物因素對(duì)土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的影響,即脅迫環(huán)境對(duì)有機(jī)物料的分解程度及土壤線蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。研究表明,復(fù)合脅迫較單一脅迫對(duì)土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的破壞程度最高;土壤線蟲對(duì)土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性有較好的指示作用;食細(xì)菌線蟲添加的數(shù)量越多對(duì)提高土壤的恢復(fù)能力更有幫助。
[Abstract]:The stability of soil ecological function is related to the sustainable development of human beings. Therefore, maintaining and improving the stability of soil ecological function is always a central problem in the field of soil ecology.The stability of soil ecological function is mainly affected by biological factors and abiotic factors.In recent years, the study on the influence of abiotic factors on soil ecological function stability has been continuing, but most of them focus on single stress, and few people study the effect of compound stress on soil ecological function stability.Because soil ecosystems are exposed to multiple stresses, it is necessary to study the changes of soil ecosystem functions under complex stress.As one of the largest and most diverse animal groups in soil, soil nematode not only plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the function of soil ecosystem, but also can reflect the small changes of soil environment.Therefore, the community structure of nematodes can be used to indicate the change of soil ecological function stability.In this study, several stress factors (copper, dryness,The stability of soil ecological function was reflected by the decomposition degree of organic matter (wheat leaf powder and rice straw) and the change of soil nematode community structure under stress by heating and herbicide.The effects of the amount of red soil on the isolation of nematodes were studied in order to determine the optimum conditions for the isolation of nematodes, and then the single stress (drying, heating and herbicide) and the compound stress (drying heating) were studied.Effects of dry heating herbicide on soil ecological function stability under three different agricultural management measures (conventional flooding, dry field cultivation and straw mulching). Finally, the method of in situ enrichment of nematodes was used.Three treatments (a large number of nematodes containing a very small amount of nematodes and a very small amount of nematodes but a return microbial community) were set up to study the effects of bacterial nematode feeding on the ecological stability of soil under copper or heat stress.The results showed that, for red loam soil with relatively sticky texture, 150g sample with soil thickness less than 1.00cm should be used to isolate nematode, and under three agricultural management measures, soil microorganism and nematode activity should be subjected to stress.The effect of soil nutrient content and soil ecological function stability was not significant, and the response to soil or biological factors was almost the same, and the harm of compound stress was greater than that of single stress.In particular, the effect on the number of soil nematodes, whether under persistent Cu stress or transient heat stress, was found in the soil where a large number of nematodes were added to the soil.The soil respiration value and soil resilience were significantly higher than those of the other two kinds of soil supplemented with a small amount of nematodes.The results showed that bacterial nematodes could improve the resilience of soil.To sum up, the effects of biological and abiotic factors on the ecological functional stability of soil, namely, the degree of decomposition of organic materials and the structure of soil nematode community, were further clarified in this study.The results showed that the damage degree of soil ecological function stability was the highest under complex stress, and the soil nematode had better indication effect on soil ecological function stability.The more the addition of bacterial nematode to the soil, the more helpful it is to improve the resilience of soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S154.1

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 劉開樹;江西土壤生態(tài)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)及應(yīng)有的對(duì)策[J];江西農(nóng)業(yè)科技;1986年05期

2 黃春榮;世界性的土壤生態(tài)危機(jī)與農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)策[J];農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化研究;1986年05期

3 許林書;先鋒林場(chǎng)的土壤生態(tài)類型及其合理開發(fā)利用[J];東北林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1990年S3期

4 周禮愷;土壤生態(tài)研究的展望[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);1991年02期

5 И.И.Карманов;Т.А.Фриев;趙羿;;以土壤生態(tài)指數(shù)為依據(jù)的土壤評(píng)價(jià)[J];土壤學(xué)進(jìn)展;1985年02期

6 李緒謙,蔣惠忠,李建萍;土壤生態(tài)分區(qū)與土地利用規(guī)劃研究——以四平市幅為例[J];吉林大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(地球科學(xué)版);2002年01期

7 李緒謙,蔣惠中,趙曉波,李宏卿;考慮地質(zhì)條件進(jìn)行土壤生態(tài)分區(qū)的原則、方法探討[J];地理科學(xué);2002年01期

8 閻德仁,武智雙;沙質(zhì)荒漠化土壤生態(tài)恢復(fù)研究展望[J];內(nèi)蒙古林業(yè)科技;1998年S1期

9 鄭世英,沈亮;化學(xué)肥料對(duì)農(nóng)田土壤生態(tài)的影響[J];德州學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2003年02期

10 鄭子成;李廷軒;何淑勤;張錫洲;夏建國(guó);;保護(hù)地土壤生態(tài)問(wèn)題及其防治措施的研究[J];水土保持研究;2006年01期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前10條

1 何萬(wàn)云;周連仁;嚴(yán)紅;;簡(jiǎn)論土壤生態(tài)保護(hù)的原則與生態(tài)退耕對(duì)策[A];中國(guó)地壤學(xué)會(huì)第十次全國(guó)會(huì)員代表大會(huì)暨第五屆海峽兩岸土壤肥料學(xué)術(shù)交流研討會(huì)文集（面向農(nóng)業(yè)與環(huán)境的土壤科學(xué)專題篇）[C];2004年

2 張海林;孫國(guó)峰;陳阜;肖小平;;稻田輪耕的土壤生態(tài)效應(yīng)及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與趨勢(shì)[A];中國(guó)農(nóng)作制度研究進(jìn)展2008[C];2008年

3 潘根興;;喀斯特生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化與恢復(fù):土壤生態(tài)化學(xué)特征及其指示意義[A];中國(guó)礦物巖石地球化學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)第十屆學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2005年

4 楊大興;劉映紅;;轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因作物對(duì)土壤生態(tài)區(qū)系的影響[A];植物保護(hù)科技創(chuàng)新與發(fā)展——中國(guó)植物保護(hù)學(xué)會(huì)2008年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2008年

5 杜林峰;;淺談邊坡修復(fù)中的土壤生態(tài)[A];中國(guó)首屆城市水土保持學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文集[C];2013年

6 章家恩;廖宗文;;土壤生態(tài)肥力及其診斷指標(biāo)探討[A];生態(tài)學(xué)的新紀(jì)元——可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理論與實(shí)踐[C];2000年

7 陳雙林;蕭江華;;現(xiàn)代竹業(yè)栽培的土壤生態(tài)管理[A];中國(guó)林學(xué)會(huì)首屆竹業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)大會(huì)論文集[C];2004年

8 陳雙林;蕭江華;;現(xiàn)代竹業(yè)栽培的土壤生態(tài)管理[A];浙江省第二屆林業(yè)科技周科技與林業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)論文集[C];2005年

9 齊鑫山;聶巖;田明英;;果園間種白三葉草對(duì)土壤生態(tài)及果樹生產(chǎn)影響的試驗(yàn)研究[A];山東省農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境保護(hù)優(yōu)秀論文集（2004—2006）[C];2007年

10 章家恩;;試論土壤的生態(tài)肥力及其培育[A];青年學(xué)者論土壤與植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)科學(xué)——第七屆全國(guó)青年土壤暨第二屆全國(guó)青年植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)科學(xué)工作者學(xué)術(shù)討論會(huì)論文集[C];2000年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前3條

1 本報(bào)記者 周朋良　謝荔 呂銘輝;土壤生態(tài)治理是解決之道治本之路[N];山東科技報(bào);2014年

2 安徽省化肥工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)常務(wù)副理事長(zhǎng) 夏英彪;恢復(fù)土壤生態(tài)當(dāng)推功能肥[N];中國(guó)化工報(bào);2013年

3 翟峰;加強(qiáng)土壤生態(tài)管護(hù)[N];中國(guó)環(huán)境報(bào);2013年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 王楠;復(fù)合脅迫和食細(xì)菌線蟲對(duì)土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的影響[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

2 陳石;食微線蟲及物料對(duì)土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的影響[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

3 馮運(yùn);蚯蚓及蚓糞對(duì)脅迫條件下土壤生態(tài)功能恢復(fù)的影響[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號(hào)：1707147