本文選題：蠅蛹金小蜂　切入點(diǎn)：Wolbachia　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：Wolbachia是廣泛存在于節(jié)肢動(dòng)物及線(xiàn)蟲(chóng)體內(nèi)的胞內(nèi)共生菌,可以通過(guò)寄主卵的細(xì)胞質(zhì)母系遺傳給后代。Wolbachia不僅可以調(diào)控寄主的生殖方式(主要為胞質(zhì)不相容、孤雌生殖、雌性化和殺雄作用),參與昆蟲(chóng)物種的形成,而且還可以影響昆蟲(chóng)寄主的適合度。蠅蛹金小蜂N(xiāo)asonia vitripennis隸屬于膜翅目金小蜂科,是一種雙翅目蠅類(lèi)蛹期的寄生蜂。因?yàn)槠浞植挤秶鷱V、世代周期短、種群數(shù)量大、雌雄易于區(qū)分、易于飼養(yǎng)等特點(diǎn),加上其基因組測(cè)序已經(jīng)完成,遺傳背景清晰,已經(jīng)逐步成為實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)的研究昆蟲(chóng),尤其是膜翅目的“模式昆蟲(chóng)”。實(shí)驗(yàn)室前人應(yīng)用不同抗生素濃度處理自然感染W(wǎng)olbachia的蠅蛹金小蜂,得到不感染W(wǎng)olbachia的株系并穩(wěn)定遺傳,初步探討了內(nèi)共生菌Wolbachia對(duì)蠅蛹金小蜂適合度的影響。本實(shí)驗(yàn)是在前人的研究基礎(chǔ)上,深入探究了Wolbachia對(duì)蠅蛹金小蜂的生殖調(diào)控以及蠅蛹數(shù)量和內(nèi)共生菌二者對(duì)寄主適合度的影響。首先,明確了我們所養(yǎng)蠅蛹金小蜂種群體內(nèi)Wolbachia對(duì)寄主的生殖調(diào)控作用是胞質(zhì)不相容;然后,我們通過(guò)對(duì)5種利福平濃度(0.1mg/ml、0.3mg/ml、0.5mg/ml、3mg/ml、10mg/ml)處理的和對(duì)照(自然狀態(tài)下感染單株系Wolbachia)蠅蛹金小蜂連續(xù)飼養(yǎng)多代,統(tǒng)計(jì)其后代個(gè)體在每天不同蠅蛹量(1、3、5粒)下每天的出蜂數(shù)量及總出蜂量;并分別統(tǒng)計(jì)其性比。最后研究了Wolbachia對(duì)蠅蛹金小蜂壽命的影響。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)Wolbachia對(duì)蠅蛹金小蜂的生殖調(diào)控表現(xiàn)為胞質(zhì)不相容。針對(duì)Wolbachia不同感染狀態(tài)的雌雄蟲(chóng),我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)四組交配實(shí)驗(yàn):感染的雌蟲(chóng)和感染的雄蟲(chóng)(♀B×♂B)、感染的雌蟲(chóng)和不感染的雄蟲(chóng)(♀B×♂D)、不感染的雌蟲(chóng)和不感染的雄蟲(chóng)(♀D×♂D)和不感染的雌蟲(chóng)和感染的雄蟲(chóng)(♀D×♂B),分別統(tǒng)計(jì)其后代性比,前三組子代性比分別為0.83、0.83、0.71,而♀D×♂B雜交子代的性比僅為0.11,顯著低于其他三種雜交組合,表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的胞質(zhì)不相容。結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室分子檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),證明我們單株系Wolbachia對(duì)蠅蛹金小蜂的生殖調(diào)控表現(xiàn)是胞質(zhì)不相容。(2)每天給交配后的蠅蛹金小蜂放置1粒蠅蛹,感染W(wǎng)olbachia的蠅蛹金小蜂的出蜂量約219頭,而去除Wolbachia的蠅蛹金小蜂的出蜂量約189頭;每天3粒蠅蛹時(shí),感染W(wǎng)olbachia的蠅蛹金小蜂的出蜂量約392頭,而去除Wolbachia的蠅蛹金小蜂的出蜂量約305頭;在每天5粒蠅蛹時(shí),感染W(wǎng)olbachia的蠅蛹金小蜂的出蜂量約444頭,而去除Wolbachia的蠅蛹金小蜂的出蜂量約407頭。從結(jié)果可以看出,一方面,Wolbachia能夠提高蠅蛹金小蜂的出蜂量;另一方面,隨著每天放置蠅蛹量的增加,出蜂量明顯增加。(3)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明感染W(wǎng)olbachia的蠅蛹金小蜂的子代性比在0.83以上,而去除Wolbachia的蠅蛹金小蜂的子代性比在0.80以下。說(shuō)明Wolbachia能夠提高蠅蛹金小蜂的子代性比。每天放置1粒、3粒和5粒蠅蛹時(shí),蠅蛹金小蜂的性比分別為0.80、0.82和0.83。蠅蛹數(shù)量對(duì)蠅蛹金小蜂子代性比的影響不顯著。(4)Wolbachia對(duì)蠅蛹金小蜂壽命的影響。我們對(duì)感染W(wǎng)olbachia與去除Wolbachia的雌雄蠅蛹金小蜂的壽命分別進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì),結(jié)果表明Wolbachia雖然對(duì)蠅蛹金小蜂的平均壽命有一定影響,但差異不顯著。Wolbachia和蠅蛹數(shù)量對(duì)蠅蛹金小蜂的繁殖力產(chǎn)生積極影響,并且Wolbachia可以顯著提高蠅蛹金小蜂的性比,在以后的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,可以利用Wolbachia和蠅蛹數(shù)量來(lái)增加蠅蛹金小蜂的數(shù)量,為科研和生物防治提供便利。
[Abstract]:Wolbachia is widely present in animal and arthropod elegans intracellular symbiotic bacteria, can host egg cytoplasm maternal inherited.Wolbachia can not only control the host reproduction (mainly cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, feminization and male killing), involved in the formation of insect species, but also can be suitable for influence of host insects. The pupae Nasonia Nasonia vitripennis belonging to Hymenoptera Pteromalidae, is a parasitoid of Diptera flies in the pupal stage. Because of its wide distribution, short generation cycle, large population, and easy to distinguish, easy feeding and other characteristics, and its genome sequencing has been completed, genetic background clearly, it has gradually become the research of insects in the laboratory, especially the Hymenoptera "model insects." previous application of different concentration of antibiotic treatment of Wolbachia natural infection from gold Bee, get Wolbachia infection strains and genetic stability, discusses the endosymbiont Wolbachia effects on the fitness of the pupae p.puparum. This experiment is on the basis of previous research, in-depth study of the Wolbachia of the pupae Nasonia reproductive regulation and the pupae number and endosymbionts two effects on the fitness of the host. First of all, we have defined the pupal Nasonia species groups within Wolbachia reproductive regulation effects on host is cytoplasmic incompatibility; then, we passed on the 5 concentration of rifampicin (0.1mg/ml, 0.3mg/ml, 0.5mg/ml, 3mg/ml, 10mg/ml (Wolbachia) treatment and control the natural state of plant infection) from p.puparum continuous multi generation, statistics of its offspring in different pupae per day (1,3,5 grain) daily and total number of adult bee; we evaluated the sex ratio. Finally, the effects of Wolbachia on pupal p.puparum life The influence. The main results are as follows: (1) on reproductive regulation Nasonia Wolbachia pupae showed cytoplasmic incompatibility. According to different Wolbachia infection status of the male and female worms, we designed four groups of mating experiments: infection of female and male infection (male B, female B *) infection and infection of male female (male D, female B *) no infection and no infection in female male (female and male D * D) infection of female and male infection (male B, female D *) evaluated the sex ratio of the offspring, the three groups before the offspring sex ratio was 0.83,0.83,0.71, while the female D *. The B hybrids of the sex ratio is only 0.11, significantly lower than the other three hybrid combinations showed strong cytoplasmic incompatibility. Combined with the laboratory testing data prove that Wolbachia molecules, we plant Department of reproductive regulation is the pupal Nasonia cytoplasmic incompatibility. (2) to the day after mating from Jin Xiaofeng place 1 grains of fly pupae, Wo infection Lbachia gold wasp bee pupae amount of about 219, and the removal of Wolbachia from bee pupae p.puparum about 189; 3 capsules per day pupae, Wolbachia infected pupae p.puparum a bee quantity about 392, and the removal of Wolbachia from bee pupae p.puparum about 305 in the head; every day 5 grains of pupae infected with Wolbachia, the bee pupae p.puparum amount of about 444, and the removal of Wolbachia from bee pupae p.puparum about 407 head. It can be seen from the results, on the one hand, Wolbachia can improve the quantity of bee pupae p.puparum; on the other hand, with the increase of the pupae placed every day the bee was significantly increased (3). The experimental results show that Wolbachia infection of pupae p.puparum offspring sex ratio is above 0.83, and the removal of Wolbachia from p.puparum offspring sex ratio below 0.80. The results showed that Wolbachia can improve the pupal p.puparum offspring sex ratio. Every place 1 grain 3, and 5 seeds per pupae, pupal Nasonia sex ratios were 0.80,0.82 and 0.83. pupae had no significant effect on pupal p.puparum offspring sex ratio. (4) the effect of Wolbachia on pupal Nasonia life. Our male and female pupae infected with Wolbachia Jin Xiaofeng and the removal of Wolbachia statistics for life the results show that, although Wolbachia has a certain effect on the average life expectancy of p.puparum pupae, but have a positive impact on the fecundity of.Wolbachia and no significant differences in the numbers of pupae of p.puparum pupae, and Wolbachia can significantly improve the ratio of the pupae of Jin Xiaofeng, after the experiment, you can use the Wolbachia number to increase the number of pupae and pupae of p.puparum and provide convenience for scientific research and biological control.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S476.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 朱路雨;蔣欣雨;楊思霞;徐敏;洪曉月;;Wolbachia和Cardinium對(duì)皮氏葉螨生殖的影響及在寄主體內(nèi)的定位[J];昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)報(bào);2012年06期

2 劉銳;李志紅;孫曉;沈佐銳;;首次發(fā)現(xiàn)沃爾巴克氏體Wolbachia對(duì)我國(guó)南亞果實(shí)蠅的感染現(xiàn)象[J];昆蟲(chóng)知識(shí);2006年03期

3 張艷凱;孫兵;洪曉月;;Wolbachia在山楂雙葉螨中的感染及對(duì)寄主生殖的影響[J];昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)報(bào);2014年08期

4 陳乾錦,林智慧,楊建全,陳家驊,張玉珍;溫濕度對(duì)斜紋夜蛾幼蟲(chóng)發(fā)育歷期、取食量與生存率的影響[J];中國(guó)煙草學(xué)報(bào);2001年03期

，

本文編號(hào)：1700127