本文選題：草本植物　切入點(diǎn)：根系參數(shù)　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：南方紅壤區(qū)是我國(guó)重要農(nóng)業(yè)資源區(qū),對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有極其重要的作用。該區(qū)雨量豐沛,水熱條件好,但過(guò)度的人為活動(dòng),使區(qū)域地表植被大面積破壞,加上地形復(fù)雜,降雨強(qiáng)度大而集中,水土流失嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致土層薄化,巖石裸露,耕地質(zhì)量下降,耕地面積減少。植被恢復(fù)因其在減小土壤侵蝕方面效果顯著,被認(rèn)為是農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)最有效的防治水土流失的手段之一,植物根系在間接增強(qiáng)土壤抗侵蝕性能方面,如穩(wěn)定土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、提高土壤滲透性和抗剪強(qiáng)度等,以及直接增強(qiáng)土壤抗侵蝕性能方面,如對(duì)侵蝕動(dòng)力機(jī)制方面的影響,均有重要作用。但是,由于根系所處環(huán)境的隱蔽性和取樣的難度大,根系對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)的影響及對(duì)抑制土壤侵蝕的相對(duì)貢獻(xiàn)缺乏深入的研究。在深入分析現(xiàn)有資料和結(jié)合野外實(shí)地調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,選取本地區(qū)常見(jiàn)的3種草類(香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides(L.)Nash)、白三葉(Trifolium repens L.)和黑麥草(Lolium perenne L.))對(duì)本區(qū)域典型土壤(黃棕壤和棕紅壤)抗侵蝕性能的影響,以及實(shí)地種植白三葉、黑麥草和其混合草樣對(duì)黃棕壤抗侵蝕影響的季節(jié)性變化規(guī)律,采用原狀土集中水流沖刷試驗(yàn)的方法,深入研究了植物根系對(duì)土壤抗侵蝕性能的增強(qiáng)效果,以期為本地區(qū)水土保持草類選擇和水土流失防治提供理論支持和技術(shù)參考,研究結(jié)論如下:(1)根系存在可有效增強(qiáng)兩種土壤抗侵蝕性能,黃棕壤和棕紅壤增強(qiáng)效果均表現(xiàn)為:香根草白三葉黑麥草。但是同一植物根系對(duì)不同類型土壤抗侵蝕性能增強(qiáng)效果有差異,香根草對(duì)黃棕壤和棕紅壤增強(qiáng)效果相同,白三葉對(duì)黃棕壤的增強(qiáng)效果大于棕紅壤,而黑麥草對(duì)黃棕壤的增強(qiáng)效果小于棕紅壤;(2)在根系參數(shù),根長(zhǎng)密度(RLD)、根重密度(RMD)、根面積比(RAR)、根系總面積(Stotal)、根系平均直徑(Dmean)等因子中,RLD是影響土壤抗侵蝕性能的最重要的因子,可較好模擬兩種土壤可蝕性變化,RMD和RAR也有重要作用,RSD隨RLD、RAR呈指數(shù)下降,隨RMD對(duì)數(shù)下降,均有顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.05);(3)全生長(zhǎng)期,土壤容重呈先增大后略減小的趨勢(shì),而土壤孔隙隨之產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)變化,水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體的MWD有緩慢增加的趨勢(shì)。土壤抗侵蝕性能與土壤容重、孔隙度顯著相關(guān)(P0.05),與0.25 mm和2 mm水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體顯著相關(guān)(P0.05),與其它徑級(jí)團(tuán)聚體相關(guān)性不好(P0.05),與根系RLD、RMD和RAR顯著相關(guān)(P0.05);(4)植物根系對(duì)兩種類型土壤抗侵蝕性能增強(qiáng)效應(yīng)均可與RLD較好的通過(guò)WEPP模型模擬,RLD與兩類土壤Dc的非線性回歸方程相關(guān)系數(shù)R2在0.93以上,黃棕壤為:Dc=0.002exp(-0.036*RLD)(τ-1.145),棕紅壤為:Dc=0.002exp(-0.040*RLD)(τ-1.562),臨界剪切力黃棕壤棕紅壤,說(shuō)明該地區(qū)黃棕壤較棕紅壤更容易被侵蝕;(5)同一剪切力下,各處泥沙含量隨季節(jié)有減小趨勢(shì),不同種植密度間泥沙差異顯著(20和30 g/m2除外)。在同一沖刷試驗(yàn)期內(nèi),前期泥沙含量增加較快,后期基本保持平衡或增加緩慢;(6)隨種植密度增加,根系抗侵蝕作用增強(qiáng),各樣品可蝕性系數(shù)Kr隨密度增加而減小,當(dāng)密度超過(guò)20 g/m2時(shí),Kr基本保持不變,說(shuō)明植物根系適合的種植密度在10~20 g/m2之間。綜上所述,植物根系均可對(duì)土壤物理性質(zhì)產(chǎn)生影響而增強(qiáng)土壤抗侵蝕能力,湖北地區(qū)較適宜的根系發(fā)達(dá)的香根草,須根系草類較適宜種植密度為10~20 g/m2之間,合理選擇合適草種和種植密度,以發(fā)揮最佳生態(tài)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
[Abstract]:Southern red soil region is an important agricultural resource area in China, has an extremely important role in the development of agricultural economy in China. The area rainfall, good water and heat conditions, but excessive human activities, the regional surface vegetation destruction, with complex terrain, rainfall intensity and concentration, serious soil erosion, leading to soil thin, bare rock, the quality of cultivated land decreased, the decrease of cultivated land area. Vegetation restoration in reducing soil erosion because of its remarkable effect, is considered to be one of the most effective agricultural areas of soil erosion control measures, plant roots in indirectly enhance the soil anti erosion performance, such as the stability of soil structure, increase soil permeability and shear strength, and enhance the soil anti erosion ability, such as the impact of the erosion mechanism, has an important role. However, because of the root environment concealment and sampling is difficult to root Effect of soil physicochemical properties and inhibition of the relative contribution of soil erosion in the lack of in-depth research. In depth analysis of existing data and based on field surveys, select 3 kinds of local common grasses (Xiang Gencao (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash (Trifolium repens L.), white clover and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.))) in this area of typical soils (yellow brown and Zong Hongrang) effect of anti erosion performance, and field planting white clover, seasonal variation and ryegrass mixed grass like anti erosion effect on yellow brown soil, the mining method of concentrated flow erosion test with undisturbed soil, in-depth study of the enhancing effect of plant roots on anti erosion properties the soil, in order to provide theoretical support and technical reference for the selection of grass and soil erosion control of soil and water conservation in this region, the research conclusion is as follows: (1) the root can effectively enhance the two kinds of soil resistance Erosion, yellow brown soil and brown soil strengthening effect are as follows: the white clover ryegrass. Vetiver but the same plant roots in different types of soil anti erosion performance enhancement effect difference of vetiver yellow brown soil and brown red soil enhanced the same effect, enhance the effect of white clover on yellow brown soil and brown soil is greater than, less than the brown red soil ryegrass enhancement effect the yellow brown soil; (2) in root parameters, root length density (RLD), root weight density, root area ratio (RMD) (RAR), total root area (Stotal), average root diameter (Dmean) and other factors, RLD is the influence of the soil anti erosion ability is the most important factor, can simulate two kinds of soil erodibility changes, RMD and RAR also plays an important role in RSD with RLD, RAR decreased exponentially with the decline of RMD log, significantly correlated (P0.05); (3) the whole growth period, soil bulk density increases first and then slightly decreased, and soil pore Accompanied by the corresponding changes in water stable aggregates of MWD increased slowly. The soil anti erosion performance was significantly correlated with soil bulk density, porosity (P0.05), was significantly associated with 0.25 mm and 2 mm water stable aggregates (P0.05), and the other size aggregate correlation is not good (P0.05), and root RLD. RMD and RAR were significantly correlated (P0.05); (4) using WEPP model, two types of plant roots on soil anti erosion performance enhancement effect can be better with RLD, RLD and Dc of two kinds of soil nonlinear regression equation of the correlation coefficient of R2 in soil was above 0.93, Huang Zong (-0.036*RLD): Dc=0.002exp (-1.145). Brown red: Dc=0.002exp (-0.040*RLD) (-1.562), the critical shear stress of yellow brown brown red soil, yellow brown soil in this area is the brown red soil are more susceptible to erosion; (5) with a shear, sediment content throughout the season with the tendency of decrease of sediment differences between different planting densities significantly The (except 20 and 30 g/m2). In the test period of the same erosion, early sediment content increased rapidly, the late basic balance or increase slowly; (6) with the increase of planting density, the root of anti erosion is enhanced, the sample erodibility coefficient Kr decreases with the increase of density, when the density of more than 20 g/m2 when Kr remained unchanged, indicating the roots of plants suitable for planting density in 10~20 g/m2. In conclusion, plant roots can influence on soil physical properties and enhance the anti erosion ability of the soil in Hubei area, the suitable developed roots of vetiver, fibrous roots were suitable for planting grass density is 10~20 g/m2, select the appropriate and reasonable grass planting density, in order to play the best ecological and economic benefits.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S157

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王長(zhǎng)燕;郁耀闖;;黃土丘陵區(qū)不同草被類型土壤細(xì)溝可蝕性季節(jié)變化研究[J];農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào);2016年08期

2 諶蕓;何丙輝;練彩霞;劉志鵬;彭石磊;;三峽庫(kù)區(qū)陡坡根-土復(fù)合體抗沖性能[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2016年16期

3 陸銀梅;李忠武;聶小東;黃斌;馬文明;肖海兵;;紅壤緩坡地徑流與土壤可蝕性對(duì)土壤有機(jī)碳流失的影響[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2015年19期

4 陳悅;陳超美;劉則淵;胡志剛;王賢文;;CiteSpace知識(shí)圖譜的方法論功能[J];科學(xué)學(xué)研究;2015年02期

5 張曉艷;周正朝;;黃土高原地區(qū)草地植被調(diào)控土壤水蝕機(jī)理的研究進(jìn)展[J];草業(yè)科學(xué);2015年01期

6 鄭子成;張錫洲;李廷軒;金偉;林超文;;玉米生長(zhǎng)期土壤抗蝕性特征及其影響因素分析[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2014年04期

7 李強(qiáng);劉國(guó)彬;許明祥;張正;孫會(huì);;黃土丘陵區(qū)撂荒地土壤抗沖性及相關(guān)理化性質(zhì)[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2013年10期

8 衛(wèi)偉;賈福巖;陳利頂;吳東平;陳瑾;;黃土丘陵區(qū)坡面水蝕對(duì)降雨和下墊面微觀格局的響應(yīng)[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2012年08期

9 伏耀龍;張興昌;;岷江干旱河谷區(qū)不同土地利用方式下土壤抗沖性試驗(yàn)[J];農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào);2012年07期

10 呂春娟;陳麗華;周碩;王萍花;冀曉東;張心平;;不同喬木根系的抗拉力學(xué)特性[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2011年S1期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 李強(qiáng);黃土丘陵區(qū)植物根系強(qiáng)化土壤抗沖性機(jī)理及固土效應(yīng)[D];中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心）;2014年

2 王彬;土壤可蝕性動(dòng)態(tài)變化機(jī)制與土壤可蝕性估算模型[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2013年

3 李朝霞;降雨過(guò)程中紅壤表土結(jié)構(gòu)變化與侵蝕特點(diǎn)[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2005年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 吳鳳至;坡面侵蝕過(guò)程中泥沙顆粒特性研究[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

2 任改;重慶四面山主要植物群落土壤抗侵蝕性研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2010年

3 潘義國(guó);不同植被條件下土壤的抗侵蝕研究[D];貴州大學(xué);2008年

4 陳晏;紫色土丘陵區(qū)土壤抗沖性及影響因素研究[D];西南大學(xué);2007年

5 盧金偉;土壤團(tuán)聚體水穩(wěn)定性及其與土壤可蝕性之間關(guān)系研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2002年

，

本文編號(hào)：1695386