本文選題：寒地玉米　切入點(diǎn)：大斑病　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)玉米種植歷史從明朝末期開始,由于玉米本身極強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)性,當(dāng)前我國(guó)玉米種植地域范圍極廣。在2012年玉米成為我國(guó)第一大糧食作物,在我國(guó)糧食生產(chǎn)中占有重要地位;而以東北地區(qū)為主的寒地玉米種植區(qū)是我國(guó)最主要玉米產(chǎn)區(qū)之一。由于種植面積不斷增加、區(qū)域化種植、跨區(qū)收割和重茬種植嚴(yán)重等因素,導(dǎo)致病蟲源基數(shù)逐年累積;加上一些不合理的種植、栽培方式和多變的氣候條件,玉米病蟲害的發(fā)生面積逐年擴(kuò)大,發(fā)生程度逐年加重。這種情況在東北寒地玉米種植區(qū)表現(xiàn)為:以玉米大斑病為代表的病蟲害連年發(fā)生。在玉米種植面積逐年增加與病蟲害頻發(fā)重發(fā)的背景下,對(duì)病蟲害的發(fā)生發(fā)展做出預(yù)報(bào)預(yù)警就顯得尤為重要。本文主要通過參考相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料和黑龍江農(nóng)墾北安管局紅星、趙光農(nóng)場(chǎng)的實(shí)地調(diào)研結(jié)論,了解寒地玉米大斑病的發(fā)生條件和發(fā)病規(guī)律,通過分析不同氣象因子與寒地玉米大斑病病情的相關(guān)性,確立寒地玉米大斑病的預(yù)警因子;從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了通過預(yù)警模型結(jié)合實(shí)地調(diào)查信息的綜合預(yù)警機(jī)制;同時(shí)通過分析玉米病害的病癥特點(diǎn)、發(fā)病部位和發(fā)病時(shí)期等信息,確立了寒地玉米病害的診斷機(jī)制。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)等,對(duì)寒地玉米大斑病預(yù)警診斷系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì);實(shí)現(xiàn)了玉米地塊實(shí)時(shí)環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)的獲取與顯示,初步實(shí)現(xiàn)了寒地玉米大斑病的實(shí)時(shí)預(yù)警和寒地玉米病害的快速診斷。系統(tǒng)主要具有以下幾個(gè)功能:田間環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)查詢功能,利用部署在田間的氣象數(shù)據(jù)采集設(shè)備,通過無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)測(cè)田間氣象信息,使用戶可以在系統(tǒng)中查看田間實(shí)時(shí)環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)和田間歷史環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù);寒地玉米大斑病實(shí)時(shí)預(yù)警功能,利用氣象數(shù)據(jù)采集設(shè)備采集的田間實(shí)時(shí)環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù),通過預(yù)警模型庫(kù)中的預(yù)警模型進(jìn)行預(yù)警,同時(shí)結(jié)合用戶自主調(diào)查的信息,增加預(yù)警結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性,初步實(shí)現(xiàn)了寒地玉米大斑病的實(shí)時(shí)預(yù)警;寒地玉米病害診斷功能,用戶通過匹配玉米病害的病癥特點(diǎn)、發(fā)病部位、發(fā)病時(shí)期和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖像,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)寒地玉米病害的快速診斷;寒地玉米病害查詢功能,用戶可以通過病害名稱查詢病害的病源信息、發(fā)病部位、發(fā)病時(shí)期等詳細(xì)信息。系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)符合了寒地玉米種植區(qū)的基本需求,能夠滿足用戶的業(yè)務(wù)需求,操作簡(jiǎn)單、數(shù)據(jù)直觀。最后,系統(tǒng)通過寒地玉米種植區(qū)連續(xù)兩年的病蟲害調(diào)查記錄和氣象數(shù)據(jù)記錄進(jìn)行測(cè)試,結(jié)果表明,系統(tǒng)對(duì)寒地玉米大斑病的實(shí)時(shí)預(yù)警效果良好,對(duì)玉米病害可以進(jìn)行快速診斷,同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了通過無線傳感網(wǎng)獲取玉米地塊實(shí)時(shí)環(huán)境參數(shù),對(duì)玉米生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境的有效監(jiān)控。
[Abstract]:The history of maize planting in China began at the end of Ming Dynasty. Because of the strong adaptability of maize itself, the growing area of maize in China is very wide at present. In 2012, maize became the largest food crop in China and played an important role in the grain production of our country. The cold corn planting area in Northeast China is one of the most important maize producing areas in China. Due to the increasing planting area, regional planting, cross-region harvesting and heavy cropping, the base number of diseases and pests is accumulated year by year. With some unreasonable planting, cultivation methods and changeable climate conditions, the occurrence area of maize diseases and insect pests has been expanding year by year. The degree of occurrence is increasing year by year. In the northeast cold region of maize planting area, the disease and insect pests, which are represented by the large spot disease of maize, occur year after year, and under the background of increasing planting area year by year and frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests, It is particularly important to predict the occurrence and development of diseases and insect pests. This paper mainly refers to the relevant literature and the field investigation conclusions of Hongxing and Zhaoguang Farm of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Administration Bureau of Bei'an. By analyzing the correlation between different meteorological factors and the disease condition of maize leaf spot in cold region, the early warning factors of maize leaf spot disease in cold region were established. Therefore, a comprehensive early-warning mechanism combining field investigation information with early-warning model is realized. At the same time, the diagnosis mechanism of maize disease in cold region is established by analyzing the disease characteristics, location and period of maize disease. Through database technology, network technology, Internet of things technology and so on, the early warning diagnosis system of maize spot disease in cold region is designed, and the real-time environmental data of maize field are acquired and displayed. The system has the following main functions: the field environment data query function, the meteorological data acquisition equipment deployed in the field. Through wireless sensor network monitoring field meteorological information, users can view field real time environment data and field historical environment data in the system. The field real time environmental data collected by meteorological data acquisition equipment is used to carry out early warning through the early warning model in the early warning model database. At the same time, the accuracy of the early warning result is increased by combining the information of the user's independent investigation. The diagnosis function of maize disease in cold region can be realized by matching the disease characteristics, disease location, onset period and standard image of maize disease in cold region, and the rapid diagnosis of maize disease in cold region can be achieved by matching the disease characteristics, disease location, onset period and standard image. The query function of maize disease in cold region, the user can search the disease source information, disease location, disease period and so on through the disease name. The design of the system accords with the basic demand of maize planting area in cold region. The system can meet the business needs of users, easy to operate, intuitive data. Finally, the system through two consecutive years of cold corn planting area survey records and meteorological data records to test, the results show that, The system has a good effect on real time early warning of maize spot disease in cold region. It can diagnose maize disease quickly. At the same time, it can obtain real time environmental parameters of maize plot through wireless sensor network, and effectively monitor the growth environment of maize.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S435.131.4;S126

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本文編號(hào)：1674774