本文選題：碳排放　切入點(diǎn)：碳匯　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：蔬菜是種植面積僅次于糧食的第二大農(nóng)作物。近年來,蔬菜生產(chǎn)的集約化使得化肥、農(nóng)藥、農(nóng)膜等化學(xué)品的密集投入在顯著提高蔬菜產(chǎn)量的同時也產(chǎn)生了大量碳排放,給農(nóng)田生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來了嚴(yán)重威脅。因此,探索蔬菜生產(chǎn)的低碳化發(fā)展路徑對我國“兩型農(nóng)業(yè)”發(fā)展具有重要意義。針對已有研究關(guān)于蔬菜生產(chǎn)碳足跡、低碳化與生態(tài)補(bǔ)償?shù)某晒?本文將蔬菜生產(chǎn)碳足跡——低碳化——生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制相結(jié)合系統(tǒng)地研究了蔬菜生產(chǎn)低碳化的發(fā)展路徑。在對蔬菜生產(chǎn)低碳化相關(guān)概念及理論進(jìn)行界定和梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,首先運(yùn)用生命周期法和多目標(biāo)灰靶決策模型對蔬菜生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的碳足跡進(jìn)行了核算與評價；其次,運(yùn)用環(huán)境方向性距離函數(shù)、聯(lián)立方程組的SUR模型、Multivariate Probit模型和Cox比例風(fēng)險模型分別對蔬菜生產(chǎn)低碳化的邊際效應(yīng)、驅(qū)動因素和農(nóng)戶的技術(shù)采用行為及支付意愿進(jìn)行分析；最后,從補(bǔ)償主體、補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和補(bǔ)償方式等方面構(gòu)建了蔬菜生產(chǎn)低碳化的生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。主要研究結(jié)論概括如下：第一、對蔬菜生產(chǎn)碳足跡的研究結(jié)果表明,蔬菜生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的畝均總碳排放為691.64 KgCE,其中化肥投入所產(chǎn)生的碳排放占70.89%,是總碳排放的主要來源；畝均光合作用碳匯和凈碳匯分別為1267.20 KgCE和575.56 KgCE。從碳足跡的綜合評價結(jié)果看,天津市和北京市遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于河北省、遼寧省和山東省。第二、對蔬菜生產(chǎn)低碳化的邊際效應(yīng)的研究結(jié)果表明,蔬菜生產(chǎn)碳排放的平均邊際產(chǎn)出效應(yīng)為2.03 Kg/KgCE,平均影子價格為5.94元/KgCE;平均環(huán)境成本為4521.15元/畝,占總產(chǎn)值的14.49%,剔除環(huán)境成本后的平均綠色產(chǎn)值為25468.77元/畝。第三、對蔬菜生產(chǎn)低碳化的驅(qū)動因素的研究結(jié)果表明,技術(shù)選擇、政府補(bǔ)貼、戶主性別、戶主年齡和蔬菜收入比重對蔬菜生產(chǎn)低碳化具有顯著的正向作用,土地投入對蔬菜生產(chǎn)低碳化則具有顯著的負(fù)向影響。第四、對蔬菜生產(chǎn)低碳化的農(nóng)戶技術(shù)采用行為的研究結(jié)果表明,農(nóng)戶在采用不同的低碳生產(chǎn)技術(shù)時存在替代效應(yīng)�？沙掷m(xù)認(rèn)知、低碳認(rèn)知、低碳技術(shù)滿意度、蔬菜種植面積、蔬菜生產(chǎn)保險、政府補(bǔ)貼、戶主年齡、戶主受教育年限、技術(shù)培訓(xùn)、蔬菜種植年限對農(nóng)戶低碳生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的采用具有顯著的正向影響,而貸款需求和戶主性別對農(nóng)戶低碳生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的采用具有顯著的負(fù)向影響。第五、對蔬菜生產(chǎn)低碳化的農(nóng)戶技術(shù)支付意愿的研究結(jié)果表明,農(nóng)戶對低碳生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的支付意愿偏低；戶主性別、蔬菜收入、信貸能力、種菜年限、風(fēng)險態(tài)度、加入合作社對低碳生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的支付意愿具有顯著的正向影響,而戶主年齡、蔬菜收入比重、政府補(bǔ)貼、技術(shù)培訓(xùn)對低碳生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的支付意愿具有顯著的負(fù)向影響。第六、對蔬菜生產(chǎn)低碳化的生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制的研究結(jié)果表明,蔬菜生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)碳匯功能生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制的權(quán)利主體是農(nóng)戶,義務(wù)主體是政府；平均補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為34.53元/畝,補(bǔ)償方式應(yīng)以政府為主導(dǎo),以市場為補(bǔ)充。
[Abstract]:Is the second largest vegetable crop area next to food. In recent years, intensive vegetable production of fertilizers, pesticides, plastic sheeting and other chemicals in the intensive input increased the vegetable yield but also generate a lot of carbon emissions, poses a serious threat to farmland ecological environment. Therefore, exploring the vegetable production of low carbon development path China's "two agriculture" development is of great significance. In view of the existing research on the carbon footprint of vegetable production, low carbon and ecological compensation results is less, the production of vegetables -- low carbon - carbon footprint ecological compensation mechanism of the combination of systematic study of the development path of low-carbon vegetable production based on vegetable production. Low carbon related concepts and theories are defined and combed, by using life cycle method and multi-objective decision model of grey target on vegetable production system into the carbon footprint The accounting and evaluation; secondly, using environmental directional distance function, the SUR model of simultaneous equations, Multivariate Probit model and Cox proportional risk model of vegetable production and the marginal effect of low carbon, driving factors and farmer technology adoption behavior and willingness to pay are analyzed; finally, the subject of compensation, compensation standards and compensation to construct the ecological compensation mechanism of vegetable production and low carbon. The main conclusions are as follows: first, research on the production of carbon footprint of vegetables. The results showed that the total carbon emissions per mu of vegetable production system is 691.64 KgCE, the fertilizer input generated carbon emissions accounted for 70.89%, is the main source of total carbon emissions per mu; the photosynthesis and carbon sinks were 1267.20 KgCE and 575.56 KgCE. from the result of comprehensive evaluation of the carbon footprint of Tianjin city and Beijing city of Hebei province is far better than Liaoning. Province and Shandong province. Second, research and production of low carbon marginal effect on vegetables. The results show that the average marginal output effect of carbon emissions production of vegetables is 2.03 Kg/KgCE, the average shadow price is 5.94 yuan /KgCE; the average environmental cost is 4521.15 yuan / mu, the total output value of 14.49%, the average value of eliminating the green environment cost for 25468.77 yuan / mu. Third, research on the driving factors of low-carbon production of vegetables. The results showed that the choice of technology, government subsidies, sex of household head, household age and proportion of vegetable income has significant positive effect on vegetable production of low carbon, land investment has a negative impact on the vegetable production of low carbon fourth. Study on the production technology of low carbon, farmers use behavior of vegetables. The results show that there exists a substitution effect of low carbon technology in the production of farmers using different. Sustainable cognition, low-carbon awareness, full of low carbon technology Satisfaction, vegetable planting area of vegetable production, insurance, government subsidies, household age, household education, technical training, vegetable planting has a positive effect on the low carbon production technology by farmers, while the demand for loans and the sex of household head with low carbon production technology by farmers have a significant negative impact. Fifth the production of low carbon, vegetable farmers' willingness to pay technology research results show that the farmers' willingness to pay for low carbon production technology is low; household gender, vegetable income, credit capacity, planting period, risk attitude has a significant positive effect to join cooperatives willingness to pay for low carbon production technology, and the age of the head of household income, vegetables the proportion of government subsidies, technical training and willingness to pay for low carbon production technology has a significant negative impact. Sixth, the results of the study of ecological compensation mechanism of the low carbon production of vegetables It shows that the main body of the ecological compensation mechanism of the vegetable production system carbon sink function is farmers, the main body of the obligation is the government, the average compensation standard is 34.53 yuan / mu, and the compensation way should be government oriented and market supplementary.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F326.13;X322

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