本文選題：長期施肥　切入點：土壤碳排放量　出處：《生態(tài)學(xué)報》2017年19期

【摘要】：黑土作為承擔(dān)我國糧食安全與生態(tài)安全的重要土壤資源,其碳排放特征與碳庫組分變化一直是生態(tài)學(xué)領(lǐng)域研究的熱點。施肥是影響黑土有機碳輸入、輸出的重要因素,而這需要長時間尺度的探究。為明確長期不同施肥下的土壤碳排放特征及其影響機制,以始于1990年的國家土壤肥力與肥料效益監(jiān)測網(wǎng)站黑土監(jiān)測基地-公主嶺為研究平臺,選取不施肥(CK)、單施氮磷鉀肥(NPK)、無機肥配施低量有機肥(NPKM1)、1.5倍的無機肥配施低量有機肥(1.5(NPKM1))、無機肥配施高量有機肥(NPKM2)和無機肥配施秸稈(NPKS)6個處理,探討了長期不同施肥下土壤碳排放量(CO2-C)與土壤碳庫組分包括水溶性有機碳(DOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、顆粒有機碳(POC)、易氧化有機碳(ROC)及其β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、木聚糖酶(BXYL)、纖維素酶(CBH)和乙�；�-葡萄糖胺酶(NAG)等酶活性變化。結(jié)果表明:與CK相比,各施肥處理均可以顯著增加黑土土壤碳排放量(P0.05),其中,NPK處理土壤碳排放量約為2633.33 kg/hm~2,顯著高出CK處理37.36%;長期有機無機配施(NPKM1、1.5(NPKM1)、NPKM2)顯著增加土壤碳排放量71.81%—88.51%,效果最為明顯;NPKS顯著增加土壤碳排放量56.32%,并且三種長期有機無機配施措施碳排放差異不顯著。相對CK處理,有機無機配施的DOC、MBC、POC、ROC均有顯著增加(P0.05),各指標分別高出CK處理16.07%—56.34%、128.84%—185.77%、284.15%—497.45%和841.03%—1145.94%,其中1.5(NPKM1)處理效果最好。同時,有機無機配施相對CK處理的NAG、BG、BXYL和CBH活性分別提高了313.22%—452.65%、129.45%—250.74%、159.08%—273.32%和72.21%—193.53%,且以1.5(NPKM1)處理的效果最好。土壤碳排放量與土壤酶活性、土壤活性碳庫組分之間的相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果表明,長期不同施肥措施的土壤碳排放量不但與土壤ROC、DOC、POC、MBC含量呈極顯著相關(guān)(P0.001),也與土壤BG、NAG、CBH、BXYL酶活性呈極顯著相關(guān)(P0.001),說明施肥可以通過改變土壤各活性碳庫組分含量與土壤微生物活性影響土壤碳排放量。
[Abstract]:Black soil is an important soil resource for food security and ecological security in China. Its carbon emission characteristics and carbon pool composition changes have been the focus of ecological research. Fertilization is an important factor affecting the input and output of organic carbon in black soil. In order to clarify the characteristics of soil carbon emission and its influence mechanism under long-term and different fertilization, the research platform is based on the National soil Fertility and Fertilizer benefit Monitoring website, Gongzhuling, which started in 1990. The treatments were as follows: no fertilization, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, Soil carbon emissions (CO _ 2-C) and soil carbon pool components under long-term fertilization were studied, including water-soluble organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), particulate organic carbon (POC), easily oxidized organic carbon (ROC), 尾 -glucosidase (BGN), xylanase (BXYL), and cellulase (Cellulase). The activities of CBH) and acetyl 尾 -glucosaminidase (nag) were changed. The results showed that: compared with CK, All fertilization treatments significantly increased soil carbon emissions (P0.05N), in which the soil carbon emissions of the treatments were about 2633.33 kg / hm ~ (2), which was significantly higher than that of CK treatment (37.36%), and the long-term organic and inorganic application of NPKM _ (1 / 1) and NPKM _ (1) + NPK _ (1) + NPKM _ (2) significantly increased the soil carbon emissions (71.81-88.51), and the effect was most obvious. NPKS significantly increased soil carbon emissions, and there was no significant difference in carbon emissions between the three long-term organic and inorganic treatments. The ROC of DOCMBCU POCN with organic and inorganic application increased significantly (P 0.05N), and each index was higher than that of CK treatment (16.07-56.34cm), 128.84% -185.7775%, 284.15-497.45% and 841.03- 1145.94% respectively, and 1.5NPKM1 was the best. Compared with CK treatment, the activities of BXYL and CBH increased by 313.22-452.65, 129.45-250.74um, 159.08-273.32% and 72.21-193.53, respectively. The results of correlation analysis between soil carbon emission and soil enzyme activity and soil active carbon pool showed that. Soil carbon emissions from different fertilization measures were significantly correlated not only with the MBC content of soil ROCDOCPOCN, but also with the enzyme activity of BGNAGNAGN CBHHYL, indicating that fertilization could change the content of soil active carbon pool and the content of soil micro-carbon by changing the content of soil active carbon pool. Biological activity affects soil carbon emissions.
【作者單位】： 中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃研究所;吉林省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境與資源研究所;
【基金】：公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項東北地區(qū)黑土保育及有機質(zhì)提升關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究與示范(201303126-2)
【分類號】：S151.9

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