本文選題：紫金山栓皮櫟林　切入點(diǎn)：凋落物分解　出處：《南京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：凋落物作為森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,對(duì)于森林發(fā)揮生態(tài)服務(wù)功能至關(guān)重要。凋落物可以固土保水,還能夠通過(guò)分解進(jìn)行物質(zhì)循環(huán)和養(yǎng)分的流動(dòng)。本文以紫金山次生栓皮櫟林為研究對(duì)象,從凋落物的分解特性、持水特性、截留降水、阻滯地表徑流、抑制土壤蒸發(fā)及其對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)的影響等方面,對(duì)凋落物的水文特性及改土功能展開(kāi)研究。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)凋落物分解速率與C/N、C/P關(guān)系密切,其失重率分別與C/N、C/P呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.01);與有機(jī)C釋放率(P0.01)、N釋放率(P0.05)呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。凋落物分解率及養(yǎng)分、有機(jī)C釋放率用修正后的Olson指數(shù)衰減模型擬合發(fā)現(xiàn),紫金山次生栓皮櫟林凋落物半衰期為12個(gè)月,分解95%所需時(shí)間為58.24個(gè)月;除去K的擬合度較低外,各營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素釋放率半衰期PMgNCa有機(jī)C,且差異顯著,其中Ca、N半衰期較為接近,P、Mg半衰期相差不大,各養(yǎng)分元素及有機(jī)C分解95%所需時(shí)間也表現(xiàn)為差異顯著,表現(xiàn)為PMgN有機(jī)CCa。(2)通過(guò)室內(nèi)浸水飽和試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),凋落物持水率與時(shí)間符合對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)方程遞增,并且持水率半分解凋落物全層未分解層;而凋落物吸水速率隨時(shí)間呈冪指數(shù)函數(shù)遞減,并且吸水速率始終半分解層凋落物全層未分解層。(3)凋落物對(duì)降水的截留與其自然持水率及現(xiàn)存量有關(guān)。凋落物降水前后自然含水率差值越大、現(xiàn)存量越大,截留降水的能力越強(qiáng)。凋落物最大能夠攔截其自身重量1.23倍的降水。此外,由于凋落物在自然環(huán)境下,降水到達(dá)地面容易入滲到土壤,或者形成地表徑流,所以最大自然含水率與浸水試驗(yàn)得到的最大持水率相差較大,百分差達(dá)到126.15%。凋落物阻滯徑流與凋落物覆蓋厚度、徑流深及坡度有關(guān),研究發(fā)現(xiàn),凋落物覆蓋厚度相同時(shí),徑流深影響著產(chǎn)流時(shí)間與坡度的關(guān)系,隨著徑流深的增大,產(chǎn)流時(shí)間與坡度的關(guān)系逐漸從冪函數(shù)遞減過(guò)渡到遞減關(guān)系。凋落物抑制土壤蒸發(fā)主要與凋落物覆蓋厚度及土壤含水率有關(guān),土壤含水率越高,覆蓋層越厚,抑制作用越強(qiáng)。(4)凋落物分解對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)及養(yǎng)分含量存在一定影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),凋落物分解能夠降低土壤容重與pH,但是降低程度不明顯。研究未發(fā)現(xiàn)凋落物分解與土壤總孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度存在相關(guān)性。凋落物分解過(guò)程中的N、P元素的釋放,分別與土壤中全N、有效P的含量顯著相關(guān)(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Litter is an important part of forest ecosystem, the forest ecosystem services play a crucial. Litter can soil and water conservation, but also through the decomposition of the material circulation and nutrient flow. In this paper, the purple mountain of Quercus variabilis forest as the research object, from the decomposition of litter, water holding characteristics, interception block precipitation, surface runoff, soil evaporation and its inhibiting effect on soil physicochemical properties, and change the function of soil hydrological characteristics of litter were studied. Results showed that: (1) the rate of litter decomposition and C/N, C/P is closely related to the rate of weight loss, respectively with C/N, C/P showed negative correlation (P0.01); release rate of C and organic (P0.01), the release rate of N (P0.05) showed a significant positive correlation. The rate of litter decomposition and nutrient release rate, organic C by the modified Olson exponential decay model fitting showed that the purple Kimama Jiki of Quercus variabilis forest litter The half-life of 12 months, 95% decomposition time required for 58.24 months; the removal of K fitting degree is low, the nutrient release rate of half-life of PMgNCa organic C, and the difference was significant, including Ca, N P, Mg is close to the half-life, the half-life of less, nutrient elements and organic C solution 95% time also showed significant difference, performance for the PMgN organic CCa. (2) by indoor water saturation test showed that the litter water holding rate and time with increasing logarithmic equation, and the water holding rate of semi decomposed litter layer without decomposition; and water absorption rate of litter was decreasing with time exponential function, and water absorption rate of semi decomposed litter has the whole layer of non decomposed layer. (3) the litter on rainfall interception and natural water holding rate and biomass. Litter precipitation before and after the natural water content difference is greater, the greater the amount of existing, the rainfall interception ability is stronger. The litter Can intercept 1.23 times its weight of precipitation. In addition, the litter in the natural environment, the precipitation infiltration into the soil to reach the ground, or the formation of surface runoff, so get the maximum natural moisture content and immersion test of the maximum water holding rate is larger, up to 126.15%.% of litter and litter blocking runoff cover thickness, depth of runoff and slope, the study found that the litter cover thickness is the same, the runoff depth affects the relationship between the time of runoff and slope, with the increase of runoff depth, runoff time and the slope of the relationship of power function decreasing gradually from the transition to the litter decreased. Inhibition of soil evaporation and litter coverage the thickness and the soil moisture content, soil moisture content is higher, the thicker the coating is, the stronger the inhibition. (4) decomposition has certain influence on soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient contents of litter. The study found that. Litter decomposition can reduce soil bulk density and pH, but lower level is not obvious. The research found no litter decomposition and the correlation between soil total porosity, capillary porosity and non capillary porosity. N in the process of litter decomposition, P elements were released, and total N in soil was significantly related to content of effective P (P0.05).

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S714

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