本文選題：水稻秸稈生物質(zhì)炭　切入點(diǎn)：稻田土壤　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為應(yīng)對(duì)逐漸加劇的全球氣候變暖,碳捕捉與儲(chǔ)存技術(shù)的研發(fā)迫在眉睫。生物質(zhì)炭由于具有高度的化學(xué)及生物穩(wěn)定性,可以在環(huán)境中存在幾百年至上千年。因此,生物質(zhì)炭化還田技術(shù)有望成為土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳捕捉與儲(chǔ)存的有效途徑。而這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的核心是生物質(zhì)炭在土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的穩(wěn)定性。生物質(zhì)炭穩(wěn)定性是其在土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中固碳效應(yīng)的重要預(yù)測(cè)與評(píng)估指標(biāo)。它不僅受生物質(zhì)炭理化特性影響,土壤理化性質(zhì)及其環(huán)境條件也發(fā)揮著重要的作用。本論文以水稻秸稈制備的生物質(zhì)炭為試材,通過應(yīng)用穩(wěn)定態(tài)碳同位素標(biāo)記與分析技術(shù),對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬條件下秸稈生物質(zhì)炭在不同類型淹水稻田土壤中的礦化特性進(jìn)行了研究,并通過雙指數(shù)模型對(duì)礦化過程進(jìn)行擬合,分析預(yù)測(cè)了秸稈生物質(zhì)炭在不同類型淹水稻田土壤中的穩(wěn)定性。研究結(jié)果為科學(xué)評(píng)估秸稈生物質(zhì)炭化還田技術(shù)在稻田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的固碳效應(yīng)提供了理論依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)以水稻秸稈制備的生物質(zhì)炭為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,選取不同緯度上的五種不同類型稻田土壤,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室培養(yǎng)條件下對(duì)秸稈生物質(zhì)炭在淹水稻田土壤中的礦化特性進(jìn)行了探究。結(jié)果表明,在390天的培養(yǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi),不同類型稻田土壤中秸稈生物質(zhì)炭的累積礦化率處于0.17%-0.28%之間(相對(duì)較低),證明500℃條件下草本植物秸稈制備的生物質(zhì)炭與木本植物一樣,具有高度的穩(wěn)定性。秸稈生物質(zhì)炭在不同類型稻田土壤中的累積礦化率不同,造成這種差異的主要原因可能是生物質(zhì)炭穩(wěn)定組分在本底有機(jī)碳含量不同的土壤中降解速率不同。通過相關(guān)性分析可以發(fā)現(xiàn),培養(yǎng)150天后生物質(zhì)炭累積礦化率與不同土壤的本底有機(jī)碳含量成顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。隨著土壤內(nèi)源有機(jī)碳含量的增加,微生物共代謝作用增強(qiáng)從而導(dǎo)致了培養(yǎng)后期生物質(zhì)炭累積礦化率的增加。(2)利用雙指數(shù)模型對(duì)秸稈生物質(zhì)炭在390天培養(yǎng)過程中的礦化作用進(jìn)行擬合,分析預(yù)測(cè)和評(píng)估了秸稈生物質(zhì)炭在不同類型稻田土壤中的平均停留時(shí)間(MRT)及其固碳效應(yīng)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),秸稈生物質(zhì)炭不穩(wěn)定碳組分在不同類型土壤中的MRT為18-37天,而穩(wěn)定碳組分的MRT為617-2829年,且穩(wěn)定碳組分的MRT與土壤本底有機(jī)碳含量成顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。從長期的固碳效應(yīng)考慮,秸稈生物質(zhì)炭可能更適用于有機(jī)質(zhì)含量較低的淺潮粘田土壤。(3)FTIR和XPS分析表明秸稈生物質(zhì)炭在五種不同類型的稻田土壤中均發(fā)生了一定程度的氧化,這種氧化主要是由于含碳官能團(tuán)(脂肪族C-H、芳香化C=C和烯烴類C-H)轉(zhuǎn)化成了含氧官能團(tuán)(C-O、C=O和COO)。此外,秸稈炭的C-C、C-H和C=C官能團(tuán)在黃磚土(GD)降低得最為明顯(降低了39.3%),表明秸稈炭在有機(jī)質(zhì)含量最高的黃磚土(GD)中的氧化最劇烈,而這種氧化可能是由于秸稈炭對(duì)于土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的C-O-C官能團(tuán)吸附作用較強(qiáng)導(dǎo)致的。
[Abstract]:In order to cope with the increasing global warming, the development of carbon capture and storage technology is urgent. Because of its high chemical and biological stability, biomass carbon can exist in the environment for hundreds to thousands of years. Biomass carbonization is expected to be an effective way to capture and store carbon in soil ecosystem. The core of this technology is the stability of biomass carbon in soil ecosystem. The important prediction and evaluation index of carbon sequestration effect in the state system is not only affected by the physicochemical properties of biomass carbon, but also by the physical and chemical properties of biomass carbon. The physical and chemical properties of soil and its environmental conditions also play an important role. In this paper, biomass carbon prepared from rice straw was used as test material, and stable carbon isotope labeling and analysis techniques were used. The mineralization characteristics of straw biomass carbon in different types of flooded paddy soil were studied under simulated conditions in laboratory, and the mineralization process was fitted by double exponential model. The stability of straw biomass carbon in different types of flooded paddy soil was analyzed and predicted. The results provided a theoretical basis for the scientific evaluation of carbon sequestration effect of straw biomass carbonization in paddy ecosystem. The results of the study are as follows: (1) using biomass carbon prepared from rice straw as the experimental material, Five different types of paddy soils at different latitudes were selected to study the mineralization characteristics of straw biomass carbon in flooded paddy soil under laboratory culture conditions. The results showed that the mineralization time was 390 days. The cumulative mineralization rate of straw biomass carbon in different types of paddy soil was between 0.17% and 0.28% (relatively low), which proved that the biomass carbon produced by straw of herbaceous plants was the same as that of woody plants at 500 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1652235