本文選題：銻　切入點(diǎn)：砷　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：砷和銻都是自然界中有毒的非金屬元素。銻常與砷共存,它們進(jìn)入土壤后將嚴(yán)重影響土壤質(zhì)量。土壤酶參與土壤中各種生物化學(xué)過(guò)程,其活性大小可以作為評(píng)價(jià)土壤肥力高低、土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)劣的一個(gè)重要生物指標(biāo)。由于重金屬直接影響土壤酶活性變化,因此土壤酶同時(shí)也可用于表征重金屬的污染程度。現(xiàn)階段已有不少關(guān)于砷對(duì)于土壤酶影響的研究,但對(duì)于砷的研究大多只考慮砷濃度的變化,而忽略了土壤含水量這一重要的土壤性質(zhì)參數(shù)對(duì)于砷含量的調(diào)控進(jìn)而對(duì)土壤酶造成的影響;對(duì)銻的研究目前主要集中在銻在土壤中的存在形式、銻的有效性、銻對(duì)植物的影響等,但關(guān)于土壤酶是否能表征銻的污染程度,目前還鮮有報(bào)道。因此對(duì)于開(kāi)展不同濃度銻對(duì)土壤酶的影響及不同水分條件下砷對(duì)土壤酶活性影響的研究是非常有必要的。本文采用室內(nèi)模擬的方法,開(kāi)展了以下兩個(gè)方面的研究:(1)不同濃度銻污染對(duì)18個(gè)省典型土壤中脫氫酶活性的影響及水溶態(tài)銻在土壤中的變化規(guī)律。(2)研究了35%、65%以及110%最大飽和持水量條件下,不同濃度砷污染后土壤中有效砷變化及砷對(duì)土壤堿性磷酸酶、芳基硫酸酯酶、脫氫酶的影響。主要結(jié)果如下:1.水溶態(tài)銻含量隨銻添加量增大而升高,土壤對(duì)銻的吸附能力隨銻濃度增大而降低,銻在土壤中的吸附規(guī)律符合Langmuir和Freundich方程,銻的最大飽和吸附量為5747.13mg kg-1。銻污染可顯著抑制脫氫酶活性。土壤pH、有機(jī)質(zhì)、CEC是影響銻在土壤中毒性大小的主要因素,在有機(jī)質(zhì)與CEC含量高及pH低的土壤中,銻表現(xiàn)出越小的毒性。2.砷急性污染條件下,磷酸酶、脫氫酶、芳基硫酸酯酶的酶活均受到砷的抑制。有機(jī)質(zhì)含量高的土壤中,砷對(duì)酶活性抑制率低,甚至有激活作用。3.砷的老化污染試驗(yàn)中,在三種含水量條件下,土壤有效砷濃度均隨培養(yǎng)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而減小,土壤堿性磷酸酶、芳基硫酸酯酶、脫氫酶的活性受到砷的抑制且隨時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),其抑制作用減小。砷對(duì)土壤脫氫酶的抑制程度較低,在培養(yǎng)中期出現(xiàn)激活作用,表明脫氫酶活性對(duì)供試砷濃度有一定抗性。相同培養(yǎng)時(shí)間下,相比于干旱脅迫(35%)與65%含水量條件,110%水分含量條件下,土壤中有效砷含量最低且三種酶活性均受到最大抑制。進(jìn)一步計(jì)算生態(tài)劑量值,發(fā)現(xiàn)在淹水(110%)及干旱脅迫(35%)條件下,砷在土壤中的生物毒性較強(qiáng)。綜合全文,可以得出以下結(jié)論:銻可顯著抑制脫氫酶活性,水溶態(tài)銻含量受銻添加濃度和土壤性質(zhì)影響;砷對(duì)土壤堿性磷酸酶、芳基硫酸酯酶及脫氫酶活性有抑制作用,有效砷含量受砷添加量、土壤水分及土壤性質(zhì)影響。
[Abstract]:Both arsenic and antimony are toxic nonmetallic elements in nature. Antimony often coexists with arsenic, which will seriously affect soil quality when they enter the soil. Soil enzymes participate in various biochemical processes in soil, and their activity can be used to evaluate soil fertility. It is an important biological index of soil ecological environment quality. Because heavy metals directly affect the change of soil enzyme activity, Therefore, soil enzymes can also be used to characterize the pollution degree of heavy metals. At present, there have been many studies on the effects of arsenic on soil enzymes, but most of the studies on arsenic only consider the variation of arsenic concentration. However, the influence of soil moisture content, an important soil property parameter, on arsenic content and soil enzymes was neglected. At present, the research on antimony is mainly focused on the existence form of antimony in soil and the availability of antimony. Effects of antimony on plants, but whether soil enzymes can characterize the degree of antimony contamination, Therefore, it is necessary to study the effects of different concentrations of antimony on soil enzymes and the effects of arsenic on soil enzyme activities under different water conditions. The effects of different concentrations of antimony pollution on dehydrogenase activity in typical soils of 18 provinces and the variation of water-soluble antimony in soil were studied in the following two aspects. The changes of available arsenic in soil and the effect of arsenic on alkaline phosphatase, aryl sulfate enzyme and dehydrogenase in soil after different concentrations of arsenic pollution. The main results are as follows: 1. The content of water-soluble antimony increases with the increase of antimony content. The adsorption ability of soil to antimony decreases with the increase of antimony concentration. The adsorption law of antimony in soil accords with Langmuir and Freundich equations. The maximum saturated adsorption capacity of antimony is 5747.13mg kg-1.The activity of dehydrogenase can be significantly inhibited by antimony pollution. Soil pH and organic matter are the main factors affecting the toxicity of antimony in soil, especially in the soil with high organic matter and CEC content and low pH. The lower the toxicity of antimony is, the less the enzyme activity of phosphatase, dehydrogenase and aryl sulfate is inhibited by arsenic. In the soil with high organic matter content, the inhibition rate of arsenic on enzyme activity is low. Under three water content conditions, the concentration of available arsenic in soil decreased with the prolongation of culture time, and soil alkaline phosphatase, aryl sulfate enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, aryl sulfate enzyme, alkalic phosphatase, aryl sulfate enzyme, aryl sulfate enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, aryl sulfate enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, aryl sulfate enzyme, The activity of dehydrogenase was inhibited by arsenic and decreased with the prolongation of time. The inhibition of arsenic on soil dehydrogenase was low and activated in the middle stage of culture. The results showed that dehydrogenase activity was resistant to arsenic concentration in the test. Under the same culture time, compared with drought stress and water content of 65% water content, the dehydrogenase activity was higher than that under drought stress. The content of available arsenic in soil was the lowest and the activity of three enzymes was restrained to the maximum. Further calculation of ecological dose showed that arsenic had strong biotoxicity in soil under the conditions of water flooding (11010g) and drought stress (35%). The following conclusions can be drawn: antimony can significantly inhibit dehydrogenase activity, the content of water-soluble antimony is affected by the concentration of antimony and soil properties, and arsenic can inhibit the activities of alkaline phosphatase, aryl sulfate enzyme and dehydrogenase in soil. The available arsenic content is affected by arsenic addition, soil moisture and soil properties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X131.3;S153;S154.2

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