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  本文選題：植被　切入點：土壤可溶性有機質(zhì)　出處：《西安建筑科技大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：土壤可溶性有機質(zhì)的組成和結(jié)構(gòu)是土壤質(zhì)量的重要判別指標,具有重要的生態(tài)意義。研究黃土丘陵地區(qū)不同植被下土壤可溶性有機質(zhì)的數(shù)量和熒光結(jié)構(gòu)特征,可以為該地的植被修復及土壤質(zhì)量評價提供科學依據(jù)。本文利用傳統(tǒng)熒光和三維熒光技術(shù),選取激發(fā)發(fā)射熒光光譜、同步熒光光譜得到的腐殖化指標對土壤可溶性有機物的來源和結(jié)構(gòu)進行評估,通過三維熒光技術(shù)探究不同植被下土壤可溶性有機質(zhì)之間組分的差異。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)黃土丘陵區(qū)土壤可溶性有機質(zhì)大多來源于植物和微生物的混合作用;油松林地(Pinus tabulaeformia)的可溶性有機質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單、腐殖化程度較低;而灌木林地(Vitex negundo var.heterophylla)的可溶性有機質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)較為復雜、腐殖化程度較高。(2)沙漠湖泊區(qū)鹽堿地、沼澤化草甸10-50 cm土層可溶性有機質(zhì)的腐殖化指數(shù)較高,而50-100 cm土壤的腐殖化指數(shù)較低;草地土壤芳香化程度較低;草原化沙地、沙地的可溶性有機質(zhì)腐殖化程度在不同土壤深度差異很小。(3)風蝕水蝕區(qū)處于東南坡的小葉楊(Populus simonii Carr)、沙柳(Salix cheilophila)和沙蒿(Artemisia desertorum Spreng.Syst.Veg.)可溶性有機質(zhì)的縮合程度較低;而同處于東南坡的檸條(Caragana Korshinskii Kom)、坡頂?shù)拈L茅草(Stipa bungeana Trin.)和位于陽坡的苜蓿(Medicago)土壤可溶性有機質(zhì)芳香性較高。(4)黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)荒地的可溶性有機質(zhì)的含量較高,人工植被條件下檸條(Caragana Korshinskii Kom)、苜蓿(Medicago)的可溶性有機質(zhì)含量高于紅梅杏(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.)和山杏(Armeniaca sibirica(L.)Lam.),可溶性有機質(zhì)含量在表層0-20 cm較高,富里酸類和胡敏酸類物質(zhì)含量也在表層較高。(5)不同地區(qū)的煤礦土壤可溶性有機質(zhì)的縮聚度不同。煤礦區(qū)上河煤礦可溶性有機質(zhì)縮聚度高,而銀河薛廟灘煤礦可溶性有機質(zhì)腐殖化程度較低,中能煤礦、永樂煤礦可溶性有機質(zhì)的腐殖化程度也處于較低的水平。研究結(jié)果表明不同土壤類型不同植被條件下的土壤可溶性有機質(zhì)的組成和結(jié)構(gòu)是存在差異的,同時說明熒光技術(shù)可用于揭示可溶性有機物的組成和縮合特性研究。
[Abstract]:The composition and structure of soil soluble organic matter is an important discriminant index of soil quality and has important ecological significance. The quantity and fluorescence structure characteristics of soil soluble organic matter under different vegetation in loess hilly region were studied. It can provide scientific basis for vegetation restoration and soil quality evaluation. In this paper, excitation emission fluorescence spectra are selected by using traditional fluorescence and three-dimensional fluorescence techniques. The source and structure of soluble organic matter in soil were evaluated by humification index obtained by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. The difference of soil soluble organic matter in different vegetation was studied by three dimensional fluorescence technique. The main results were as follows: 1) most of the soluble organic matter in loess hilly region originated from the mixed action of plant and microorganism. The structure of soluble organic matter of Pinus tabulaeformiais simple and the degree of humification is lower, while the structure of soluble organic matter of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla is more complex, and the degree of humification is higher. The humification index of soluble organic matter in 10 ~ 50 cm soil layer of marsh meadow was higher than that of 50 ~ 100 cm soil layer, while the humification index of 50 ~ 100 cm soil layer was lower; the aromatization degree of grassland soil was lower; The degree of humification of soluble organic matter in sandy land is very small in different soil depth. 3) the condensation degree of soluble organic matter of Populus simonii Carru (Salix cheilophila) and Artemisia desertorum desertorum Spreng.Syst.Veg. in the wind-eroded water erosion area on the southeastern slope is lower; However, the content of soluble organic matter in the soil of Caragana Korshinskii Komna, Stipa bungeana Trin. on the top of the slope and Medicago in the sunny slope was higher than that in the loess hilly and gully region, and the content of soluble organic matter was higher in the wasteland of the loess hilly and gully region. Under artificial vegetation, the soluble organic matter content of Caragana Korshinskii Komao (Medicago) was higher than that of armeniaca vulgaris Lam. and armeniaca sibiricae L.Lam.The content of soluble organic matter was higher in surface layer 0-20 cm. The condensate degree of soluble organic matter in coal mine soil is different in different areas, and the condensation degree of soluble organic matter is high in Shanghe coal mine. However, the humification degree of soluble organic matter in Yinxue Miaotan coal mine is low, and the middle energy coal mine, The humification degree of soluble organic matter in Yongle Coal Mine is also at a low level. The results show that the composition and structure of soluble organic matter in different soil types and vegetation conditions are different. At the same time, fluorescence technique can be used to reveal the composition and condensation characteristics of soluble organic compounds.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S153.6

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