本文選題：土壤　切入點(diǎn)：水　出處：《農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào)》2017年22期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：城鎮(zhèn)化引起的各種人為擾動(dòng)地貌單元的水源涵養(yǎng)功能較原地貌明顯降低是造成城市水土流失的主要原因,在降雨和排水管網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)能力一定條件下,也是加劇城市內(nèi)澇的主要原因。該文采用野外調(diào)查、室內(nèi)物理分析及AHP(analytic hierarchy process)層次分析綜合評(píng)價(jià)法,系統(tǒng)地分析了各種人為地貌單元的物質(zhì)組成和持水性能變化并綜合評(píng)價(jià)了其對(duì)原地貌水源涵養(yǎng)功能的影響特征。結(jié)果表明:1)各種擾動(dòng)地貌單元2 mm土體顆粒質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)在45%以上,原地貌2 mm土壤顆粒質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)在92%以上;擾動(dòng)地貌不均勻系數(shù)和曲率系數(shù)分別在11.05~41.30和0.32~3.15之間變化,其中不均勻系數(shù)較原地貌減小了4.51%~80.27%;各種擾動(dòng)地貌單元土壤容重為施工便道(1.74 g/cm3)邊坡綠化帶(1.54 g/cm3)1 a棄渣堆積體(1.48 g/cm3)2 a棄渣堆積體(1.34 g/cm3)3 a棄渣堆積體(1.31 g/cm3),比坡耕地依次增加33.85%、18.46%、13.85%、3.08%和0.77%;擾動(dòng)地貌的土壤總孔隙度、土壤田間持水量和飽和含水量則表現(xiàn)出相反趨勢(shì)。2)人為擾動(dòng)地貌單元土壤入滲性能總體小于原地貌單元,而原地貌土壤穩(wěn)定入滲率則在2.83~6.22 mm/min之間變化;當(dāng)項(xiàng)目區(qū)林地轉(zhuǎn)化為新棄渣堆積體時(shí)對(duì)降雨和城市洪水動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)節(jié)功能影響最大,轉(zhuǎn)化為施工便道時(shí)影響最小;人為擾動(dòng)地貌單元土壤水庫(kù)總庫(kù)容、興利庫(kù)容和滯洪庫(kù)容總體低于原地貌,當(dāng)項(xiàng)目區(qū)草地轉(zhuǎn)化為施工便道時(shí)對(duì)土壤持水能力及調(diào)蓄地表徑流能力危害最大。3)各種擾動(dòng)地貌單元水源涵養(yǎng)能力明顯小于原地貌單元,以施工便道(0.421)最差,林地最好(0.651);在城鎮(zhèn)化過程中應(yīng)重視城鎮(zhèn)水面、林草地的空間分布及占地面積,對(duì)短期松散堆積體也最好進(jìn)行臨時(shí)綠化措施。4)加強(qiáng)對(duì)擾動(dòng)地貌物質(zhì)組成、大孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)和降雨-徑流-入滲連續(xù)性定位研究,同時(shí)關(guān)注各擾動(dòng)地貌在不同壓實(shí)條件下土壤水庫(kù)蓄水性能對(duì)項(xiàng)目區(qū)雨洪過程線和排水系統(tǒng)的影響。研究結(jié)果可為城市水土保持生態(tài)服務(wù)功能恢復(fù)、城市綠化帶建設(shè)和洪水內(nèi)澇緩解提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The water conservation function of various man-made disturbed geomorphological units caused by urbanization is obviously lower than that of the original geomorphology, which is the main cause of urban soil erosion. Under certain conditions of rainfall and drainage network design ability, This paper adopts field investigation, indoor physical analysis and AHP(analytic hierarchy process-AHP comprehensive evaluation method. The changes of material composition and water holding capacity of various artificial geomorphological units are systematically analyzed and their effects on the original geomorphological water conservation function are comprehensively evaluated. The results show that the particle mass fraction of 2 mm soil mass in various disturbed geomorphologic units is more than 45%. The soil particle mass fraction of the original geomorphology 2 mm is more than 92%, the uneven coefficient and curvature coefficient of disturbed geomorphology vary between 11.05 ~ 41.30 and 0.32 ~ 3.15, respectively. The coefficient of inhomogeneity is 4.51% lower than that of the original geomorphology, and the soil bulk density of various disturbed geomorphologic units is 1.74 g / cm ~ (3)) slope green belt (1.54 g/cm3)1 a) / 1.48 g/cm3)2 a / 1. 34 g/cm3)3 a / 1. 31 g / cm ~ (3) C ~ (3), compared with sloping farmland, where the soil bulk density of various disturbed geomorphologic units is 1.74 g / cm ~ (3). The soil porosity of disturbed landforms was increased by 33.85%, 18.46%, 13.85% and 0.77%, respectively. The soil infiltration performance of artificial disturbed geomorphologic unit was smaller than that of the original geomorphologic unit, while the stable infiltration rate of the original geomorphic soil varied from 2.83 to 6.22 mm/min. When the forest land in the project area is transformed into a new sediment deposit, it has the greatest influence on the dynamic regulation function of rainfall and urban flood, and the least effect on the construction sidewalk, and the total reservoir capacity of soil reservoir is disturbed by human disturbance geomorphology unit. The capacity of Xingli reservoir and flood detention reservoir is lower than that of the original geomorphology, and when the grassland in the project area is converted into a construction sideway, the water holding capacity of soil and the ability of regulating surface runoff are most harmful. 3) the water conservation capacity of various disturbed geomorphological units is obviously smaller than that of the original geomorphologic unit. In the course of urbanization, attention should be paid to the urban water surface, the spatial distribution of forest and grassland and the area of land occupied, and the temporary greening measures. 4) to strengthen the composition of disturbed landforms. Study on Macropore structure and continuous location of Rain, runoff and infiltration, At the same time, the effects of the soil reservoir water storage performance on the rainfall and flood process and drainage system in the project area under different compaction conditions are concerned. The results can be used to restore the ecological service function of urban soil and water conservation. The construction of urban green belt and flood and waterlogging mitigation provide scientific basis.
【作者單位】： 西南大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院;重慶市水土保持生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)總站;貴州大學(xué)林學(xué)院;遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院;
【基金】：重慶市水利局科技項(xiàng)目“都市功能區(qū)水土保持措施體系研究”,“生產(chǎn)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目水土流失危害研究”
【分類號(hào)】：S157

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