發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-20 09:04

  本文選題：鹽分　切入點(diǎn)：有機(jī)質(zhì)　出處：《新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：土壤鹽漬化是新疆農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的主要障礙因素。本文以岳普湖縣不同開墾年限鹽漬化土壤為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用空間置換時(shí)間和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)的方法,探索原始荒地和開墾農(nóng)田土壤特性變化規(guī)律、剖面分布特征及其影響因素。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)岳普湖縣不同開墾年限農(nóng)田與荒地土壤之間總鹽含量差異顯著,而不同開墾年限之間差異不明顯,表明該區(qū)域開墾0~5a是土壤總鹽快速降低期,在10a后土壤總鹽基本趨于穩(wěn)定。其中,研究區(qū)荒地土壤鹽漬化程度達(dá)到鹽土指標(biāo),而開墾農(nóng)田土壤鹽漬化程度則由中度鹽化向非鹽化過(guò)渡;原始荒地隨著土層深度的增加,在0~20 cm土層深度總鹽含量迅速減少,并且表層(0~10 cm)總鹽含量(161.2 g/kg)占整個(gè)剖面的62.6%。開墾5年以內(nèi)的農(nóng)田土壤鹽分在0~90 cm比下層高,而其它開墾年限土壤0~20 cm總鹽低于下層,表明荒地開墾后土壤剖面鹽分總體表現(xiàn)出“表聚—底聚—均低”的變化特征;所調(diào)查的不同鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)開墾20a后鹽分普遍降到非鹽化或輕度鹽化水平。(2)研究區(qū)開墾前后土壤陰離子含量最多的均是SO42-,其次是Cl-。開墾0~5a土壤為氯化物-硫酸鹽鹽漬化土,而開墾10a~60a農(nóng)田土壤為硫酸鹽鹽漬化土。原始荒地陽(yáng)離子含量最多的是Na+,其次是Ca2+。而開墾后的農(nóng)田土壤陽(yáng)離子含量最多的是Ca2+,其次是Na+;隨著開墾年限的增加土壤pH總體上表現(xiàn)為降低的趨勢(shì),而隨著土層深度的增加,則表現(xiàn)為先降低后增加的趨勢(shì)。研究區(qū)土壤機(jī)械組成主要以砂粒和粉粒為主,其中粉粒最多(約占70%),砂粒次之(約占20%),粘粒最少(約占10%)。(3)不同開墾年限與土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)具有顯著差異,開墾10a有機(jī)質(zhì)含量最多,原始荒地有機(jī)質(zhì)含量最少,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)在開墾0~5a內(nèi)以2.2 g·kg-1a-1迅速增加;不同開墾年限與土壤堿解氮具有顯著差異,在新開墾5a內(nèi)土壤堿解氮以7.3 mg·kg-1a-1迅速增加,并且堿解氮的變化土層主要發(fā)生在0~20 cm。開墾5a后土壤堿解氮含量保持穩(wěn)定。研究結(jié)果可為南疆極端干旱區(qū)岳普湖縣鹽漬化土壤改良提供數(shù)據(jù)支持和新思路。
[Abstract]:Soil salinization is the main obstacle to the sustainable development of agriculture in Xinjiang. The changes of soil characteristics, profile distribution and influencing factors of the original wasteland and reclaimed farmland were explored. The main results were as follows: 1) the total salt content of farmland and wasteland soil in Yuepuhu County was significantly different from that in different years of reclamation. However, the difference between different reclamation years is not obvious, which indicates that the period of 0 ~ 5 years of reclamation in this area is the period of rapid reduction of soil total salt, and after 10 years, the total salt of soil tends to be stable, among which, the salinization degree of waste land in the study area reaches the index of salinized soil. The salinization degree of cultivated farmland changed from moderate salinization to non-salinization, and the total salt content of the original wasteland decreased rapidly with the increase of soil depth. Total salt content (161.2 g / kg) accounted for 62.6% of the total salt content in the whole section. The salt content of the farmland soil within 5 years was higher than that of the lower layer, while the total salt content of the soil in other reclamation years was lower than that in the lower layer. The results show that the salt content in soil profile after reclamation of wasteland shows the characteristics of "surface polymerization-bottom accumulation-low average" as a whole. After 20 years of reclamation in different villages and towns, the salt content generally decreased to non-salinization or light salinization level. The most anionic content of soil before and after reclamation was so _ 42-, followed by Cl-.Reclamation for 0 ~ 5a, the soil was chlorine-sulfate salinized soil. On the other hand, the cultivated farmland soil for 10 years or 60 years was sulfate salinized soil. The most cationic content in the original wasteland was Na, followed by Ca2, and the most cationic content in cultivated farmland was Ca2, followed by Na. Soil pH decreased with the increase of reclamation years, but decreased first and then increased with the increase of soil depth. The soil mechanical composition in the study area was mainly composed of sand and silt. The most of them were silt grains (about 70%), sand grains (about 20%), clay grains (about 10%), and soil organic matter content in different reclamation years (about 10%). The content of organic matter was the highest in 10 years of reclamation, and the lowest in primitive wasteland. Soil organic matter increased rapidly with 2.2 g 路kg-1a-1 within 5 years of reclamation, and there was significant difference between different reclamation years and soil alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, and the soil alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen increased rapidly at 7.3 mg 路kg-1a-1 within 5 years of new reclamation. And the change of soil layer occurred mainly in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer. After 5 years of reclamation, the soil alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen content remained stable. The results can provide data support and new ideas for the improvement of salinized soil in Yuepu Lake County, the extreme arid region of southern Xinjiang.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S156.4

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