本文選題：雞糞　切入點(diǎn)：棕壤土　出處：《天津農(nóng)學(xué)院》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代畜禽養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,畜禽糞便已成為我國農(nóng)村面源污染的主要來源,成為許多重要水源地、江河、湖泊嚴(yán)重污染和富營養(yǎng)化的主要原因。禽糞中含有大量有機(jī)質(zhì)、氮素等作物生長發(fā)育的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),能夠提高土壤肥力、改善土壤環(huán)境,增加作物產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì),也是生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)模式的重要環(huán)節(jié)。土壤是人類重要的自然資源,是作物生長的必要條件,如何在農(nóng)田中合理施用禽糞、促進(jìn)土壤可持續(xù)發(fā)展是當(dāng)前科技工作者探求的重要課題。本試驗(yàn)以雞糞為切入點(diǎn),以秋葵為研究材料,按照隨機(jī)區(qū)組排列的試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)置不同的糞便施用梯度處理,具體施肥處理是:(1)CK處理:化肥;(2)T1處理:2 t/666.7m2雞糞+化肥;(3)T2處理:4 t/666.7 m2雞糞+化肥;(4)T3處理:6 t/666.7 m2雞糞+化肥;(5)T4處理:8 t/666.7 m2雞糞+化肥;(6)T5處理:10 t/666.7 m2雞糞+化肥。針對在湖北武漢棕壤土對當(dāng)?shù)厍锟a(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)及土壤養(yǎng)分、酶活性及重金屬含量的變化進(jìn)行了研究,探索雞糞對棕壤土氮素、影響氮素轉(zhuǎn)化的酶、有機(jī)質(zhì)、重金屬含量以及秋葵產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響。具體研究結(jié)果如下:1、雞糞施用后,隨著施用雞糞用量的增加,土壤全氮的含量也隨著增加,施用雞糞8 t/666.7 m2以上時(shí)與CK處理相比呈極顯著差異水平,施用雞糞60天內(nèi)有效地增加土壤全氮的含量,多施雞糞能顯著提高土壤銨態(tài)氮含量,有效增加土壤硝態(tài)氮含量,能顯著提高土壤蛋白酶和脲酶活性;土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量與CK相比呈極顯著差異水平,pH值呈先下降后增加趨勢,化肥處理pH最低,降幅也較大,增施雞糞還有效增加土壤微生物量碳含量。2、0-20 cm土層Cd的含量,T5處理(10 t/666.7 m2)Cd含量最高,CK處理Cd含量最低,雞糞施用量在8 t/666.7 m2以下,0-20 cm、20-40 cm和40-60 cm土層Cd的含量與CK處理相比差異不顯著,參照中國土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值(GB 15618_1995),除0-20 cm土層T5處理Cd含量高于國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以外,其余各處理各土層Cd含量均低于國家水平,施用雞糞并沒使土壤Cd得到污染;施雞糞土壤中0-20 cm土層T5處理與T1處理和CK處理相比土壤Zn含量呈顯著差異水平、20-40 cm和40-60 cm土層的各處理與CK處理相比土壤Zn含量差異不顯著,所有處理均低于國家土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值;Cu的含量0-20 cm土層各處理與對照比略有提高,差異不顯著,20-40 m土層,40-60 cm土層Cu的含量變化不大,參照中國土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值(GB 15618_1995),各土層均低于國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。3、隨著施用雞糞用量的增加,秋葵產(chǎn)量隨著增加,但增施到8 t/666.7 m2時(shí)產(chǎn)量不再增加,施用雞糞能促進(jìn)秋葵的生長發(fā)育,各農(nóng)藝性狀表現(xiàn)較好,施用雞糞6-10 t/666.7m2時(shí)秋葵產(chǎn)量極顯著高于不施用雞糞的處理;施用4-6 t/666.7 m2顯著高于不施用雞糞的產(chǎn)量;施用2 t/666.7 m2時(shí)和不施用雞糞的產(chǎn)量差異不明顯,因此,雞糞施用量在一定的范圍內(nèi)時(shí),對秋葵生長發(fā)育的促進(jìn)作用優(yōu)于常規(guī)化肥。4、施用雞糞能明顯提高秋葵產(chǎn)量、并改善營養(yǎng)品質(zhì),當(dāng)雞糞施用低于6 t/666.7 m2時(shí)對秋葵果實(shí)的可溶性蛋白含量、溶性糖含量、類胡蘿卜素含量、葉綠素a、b含量和含水率的影響不大,當(dāng)超過6 t/666.7 m2時(shí),秋葵硝酸鹽含量極顯著高于CK處理,綜合禽糞便提高玉米產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的因素來考慮,本研究認(rèn)為,雞糞施用量應(yīng)控制在一定的范圍內(nèi)。綜上所述,在本試驗(yàn)施雞糞范圍內(nèi),從秋葵的生長發(fā)育、產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)、土壤養(yǎng)分及土壤重金屬污染等方面綜合考慮,在湖北武漢棕壤土上種植秋葵的雞糞最佳施用范圍為4-6 t/666.7 m2,此時(shí)雞糞農(nóng)用的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和環(huán)境效益達(dá)到最佳平衡。
[Abstract]:With the application of modern breeding technology, the main source of livestock and poultry manure has become China's rural non-point source pollution, become an important source of rivers, lakes, mainly due to serious pollution and eutrophication. Contains a lot of organic matter in poultry manure, nitrogen and other nutrients for crop growth and development, can improve soil fertility, improve the soil environment, increase crop yield and quality, but also an important part of the ecological agriculture mode. Soil is an important resource for human beings, is a necessary condition for crop growth, how to reasonable application of poultry manure in farmland soil, promote sustainable development is an important topic in the science and technology workers to explore. In this experiment, chicken manure as a starting point, with okra as the research materials, in accordance with the experimental design randomized block design, set the gradient manure treatment of different, specific treatments are: (1) CK (2): fertilizer; T1: 2 t/666.7m2 Chicken manure + chemical fertilizer; (3) T2: 4 t/666.7 M2 chicken manure + chemical fertilizer; (4) T3: 6 t/666.7 M2 chicken manure + chemical fertilizer; (5) T4: 8 t/666.7 M2 chicken manure + chemical fertilizer; (6) T5: 10 t/666.7 m2 in Hubei. Chicken manure + chemical fertilizer on the yield of Wuhan brown soil local okra, quality and soil nutrients, enzyme activity and heavy metal content were studied. The exploration of chicken manure on brown soil nitrogen, effects of nitrogen transformation enzyme, organic matter, heavy metal content and the effect of yield and quality of okra. The main results are as follows: 1, chicken manure application, along with the increase of the amount of chicken manure. The soil total nitrogen content also increased with the increase of more than 8 t/666.7 chicken manure m2 and CK treatment showed a very significant difference, the effect of manure within 60 days can effectively increase the total nitrogen content of soil, many chicken manure significantly increased soil ammonium nitrogen content, increase soil nitrate content significantly. Improve soil protease and urease activity; soil organic matter content compared with CK showed significant differences in the level of pH decreased firstly and then increased, chemical fertilizer treatment pH was lowest, or larger, adding chicken manure also effectively increase the content of soil microbial biomass carbon content in.2,0-20 cm soil layer Cd, T5 (10 t/666.7 M2) Cd the highest content of CK, Cd was the lowest, chicken manure at 8 t/666.7 m2, 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil Cd content compared with CK treatment had no significant difference, Chinese reference values of soil environmental quality standard (GB 15618_1995), in addition to the 0-20 cm soil T5 Cd content is higher than the national standard, the rest the Cd content of the soil were lower than the national level, the effect of manure did not cause soil Cd pollution; chicken manure in the soil depth of 0-20 cm T5 treatment and T1 treatment and CK treatment compared with soil Zn content showed significant difference level, 20-40 cm and 40-60 Cm layer of each treatment compared with CK treatment was no significant difference in soil Zn, all treatments were lower than the national soil environmental quality standard value; the content of Cu 0-20 cm layer of each treatment and the control were slightly improved, the difference was not significant, 20-40 m soil layer, the content changes of 40-60 cm layer Cu is not large, according to China soil environmental quality the standard value (GB 15618_1995), the soil were lower than the national standard.3, with the increase of the amount of chicken manure, okra yield increased with increasing nitrogen, but no increase in yield to 8 t/666.7 m2, application of chicken manure can promote the growth and development of the performance of okra, better agronomic traits, chicken manure 6-10 t/666.7m2 okra yield significantly treatment not higher than chicken manure; application of 4-6 t/666.7 M2 was significantly higher than that of chicken manure production; the yield difference between 2 t/666.7 m2 and application of chicken manure is not obvious, therefore, the chicken manure fertilizer in a certain When the range of okra promoting growth effect is better than that of conventional fertilizer.4, chicken manure could significantly increase the yield of okra, and improve nutritional quality, when the organic manure application below 6 t/666.7 M2 soluble protein content of okra fruit, soluble sugar content, carotenoid content, chlorophyll a, B content and had little influence the moisture content, when more than 6 t/666.7 m2, the salt content of okra nitrate was significantly higher than that in CK treatment, comprehensive poultry manure to improve maize yield and quality factors to consider, this study suggests that manure application amount should be controlled in a certain range. To sum up, in the test of chicken manure within the scope of development, from okra the growth of yield, quality, comprehensive consideration of soil nutrient and soil heavy metal pollution, planting in Hubei Wuhan okra brown soil on chicken manure optimum application range is 4-6 t/666.7 m2, the agricultural economic benefits and chicken manure The best balance is achieved.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津農(nóng)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S141;S649

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本文編號：1637943