發(fā)布時間：2018-03-19 17:55

  本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)　切入點：能值分析　出處：《新疆大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟建設(shè)與發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),是最基本的物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)部門,它能為其它部門的發(fā)展提供原材料和動力。對于新疆這樣一個農(nóng)業(yè)大區(qū)來說,農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展不僅關(guān)系到新疆的長治久安和整體經(jīng)濟水平的提升,甚至對我國國民經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展都具有重要影響。近年來,隨著中央和自治區(qū)政府不斷加大對農(nóng)業(yè)的政策扶持和經(jīng)濟投入,新疆農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展速度較快。但也存在一些因素影響甚至限制著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展,如農(nóng)業(yè)人口眾多,農(nóng)業(yè)機械化、現(xiàn)代化水平低,農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境資源利用效率不高,農(nóng)民的整體素質(zhì)和收入不高,農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境比較脆弱等。因此,如何科學(xué)評價新疆農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng),合理配置利用環(huán)境資源,優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu),提升農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,提高新疆農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展水平和可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力是值得深入研究的問題�，F(xiàn)有對新疆農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的研究主要側(cè)重于農(nóng)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟效益,而對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中環(huán)境因素、自然環(huán)境資源的投入方面考慮的較少,這就不可避免的忽略了環(huán)境資源在農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展中的作用。由美國生態(tài)學(xué)家H.T.Odum于20世紀(jì)80年代后期創(chuàng)立的能值理論與分析方法為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展開辟了一條新的研究途徑。運用該理論和分析方法可以把生態(tài)環(huán)境系統(tǒng)和人類社會經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)有機聯(lián)系和統(tǒng)一起來,定量分析經(jīng)濟社會和環(huán)境資源對于農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的貢獻,對優(yōu)化新疆農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)環(huán)境資源與經(jīng)濟投入的比例,提高環(huán)境資源的利用效率,調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)以及促進農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展都具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文以新疆農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為研究對象,應(yīng)用能值理論和分析方法,對2004一2013年新疆農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的能值投入結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)出結(jié)構(gòu)以及能值指標(biāo)進行動態(tài)分析。首先,將環(huán)境資源、經(jīng)濟投入對農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的貢獻以能值的形式量化,分析系統(tǒng)運行的缺陷和不足之處;其次,根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的能值產(chǎn)出狀況,分析產(chǎn)業(yè)和產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)狀況;最后,在前面研究的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的能值分析指標(biāo)體系,對系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)、功能等方面進行一個科學(xué)性的、綜合性的、動態(tài)性的評價。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)新疆農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)總能值投入變化情況受年均降水量影響較大,稀少的降水量在很大程度上影響并限制著新疆農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展。(2)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)自給能力較強,對自然環(huán)境資源依賴程度很高,但這種依賴度是逐漸減小的。(3)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的能值投資率0.1228—0.2126之間,總體趨勢是上升的,但遠低于世界平均水平(能值投資率為2左右),系統(tǒng)對環(huán)境資源的利用程度在逐步增加,但利用水平仍然較低。(4)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)處在勞動密集型的發(fā)展階段,農(nóng)業(yè)仍具有傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)特點,對勞動力、畜力的依賴性較大,機械化水平較低。(5)經(jīng)濟投入能值利用效率較高,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有較強的競爭優(yōu)勢,農(nóng)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟效益也相對較高。(6)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境承載率較小,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)對整個自然環(huán)境的影響性小,但影響力在逐年增加。(7)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)均衡性逐漸趨向不平衡發(fā)展,各產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢度差異變大。(8)2004—2013年新疆農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性指數(shù)一直保持在0.5以上,并整體呈現(xiàn)緩慢下降趨勢,系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性在逐漸減弱。(9)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能值的可持續(xù)性指數(shù)是遠大于10的,這說明了農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展水平不高,對自然環(huán)境資源的開發(fā)程利用度不夠,農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力較弱。根據(jù)研究得到的結(jié)論,本文有針對性的提出了具體的可行的對策建議:優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)能值投入結(jié)構(gòu),增加經(jīng)濟投入能值,提高農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)運行效率;優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)能值產(chǎn)出結(jié)構(gòu),繼續(xù)加快產(chǎn)業(yè)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整與轉(zhuǎn)型升級;增加農(nóng)業(yè)科技投入,提高自然環(huán)境資源的利用效率,增加農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟競爭力;提升農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工水平,增加農(nóng)民收入和農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟投入的來源;保護自然環(huán)境資源,加強生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè),促進農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the foundation of the construction and development of the national economy, is the most basic material production departments, it can provide raw materials and power for the development of other departments. For Xinjiang such a big agricultural area, agriculture, rural economic sustainable development is not only related to the level of Xinjiang in Changzhi for a long time and the raise of the overall economy, are important even with the development of our national economy. In recent years, with the central and regional governments continue to increase agricultural policy support and economic investment, Xinjiang agricultural development faster. But there are also some factors affecting even restrict the development of agriculture, such as agricultural population, agricultural mechanization, low level of modernization, agricultural environmental resource utilization efficiency is not high, the overall quality of the farmers and the income is not high, agricultural ecological environment is relatively fragile. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate the Xinjiang agriculture ecological system, reasonable Allocation and utilization of environmental resources, optimize the industrial structure, product, enhance the quality of agricultural products, improve the level of agricultural development in Xinjiang and the ability of sustainable development is a problem worthy of further study. The existing research on agricultural ecological system in Xinjiang mainly focuses on agricultural economic benefits, and the environmental factors in the process of agricultural production, environmental and natural resources into consideration the less, which inevitably neglected the role of environmental resources in the development of agriculture. Founded by the American ecologist H.T.Odum in late 1980s the emergy theory and analysis method provides a new way for the sustainable development of ecological system. By using the theory and methods of analysis to ecological environment system and the social and economic systems organic and unified, quantitative analysis of economic social and environmental resources contribute to the development of agricultural economy, to optimize the new Xinjiang agricultural ecosystem environmental resources and economic investment, improve the use efficiency of the environmental resources, the adjustment of the agricultural industry, has important significance to product structure and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. The agricultural ecological system in Xinjiang as the research object, the application of emergy theory and analysis method of agricultural ecological system from 2004 to 2013 Xinjiang energy input and output structure and dynamic analysis of emergy indicators. Firstly, the environment resources, the quantification of economic investment on agricultural ecosystem contribution to the energy value analysis, system defects and deficiencies; secondly, according to the agriculture ecosystem emergy analysis of industries and products the structure of status; finally, on the basis of previous research, emergy analysis index system of agricultural ecological system, the system architecture, function and other aspects of a family Study of the comprehensive and dynamic evaluation. The results are as follows: (1) the agricultural ecosystem of Xinjiang total energy input changes affected by annual precipitation, precipitation are largely affected and restricted the development of Xinjiang agriculture. (2) self-sufficiency in agricultural ecosystem is strong, the the natural environment resources dependence is very high, but this dependence is gradually decreased. (3) the agricultural ecosystem emergy investment ratio from 0.1228 to 0.2126, the overall trend is rising, but far below the world average (the value of the investment rate is 2 left and right), the degree of utilization of environmental resources in the system gradually increase, but the use level is still low. (4) the agricultural ecological system in the stage of development of labor intensive agricultural production, still has the characteristics of traditional agriculture depends strongly on labor, animal power, low mechanization level. (5) economic input emergy benefit With higher efficiency, the agricultural products have a strong competitive advantage, the economic efficiency of agriculture is relatively high. (6) the rate of small agricultural ecosystem environment, agricultural production impact on the natural environment of small, but the influence is increasing year by year. (7) the agricultural industrial structure equilibrium gradually became unbalanced development, the the industry dominance difference. (8) from 2004 to 2013, the stability of agricultural ecosystem in Xinjiang index has remained above 0.5, and overall declined slowly, the stability of the system in the waning. (9) agro ecosystem emergy sustainability index is greater than 10, indicating that the development level of agriculture is not high, the development of natural resources, Cheng Li charge of agriculture ecological system is not enough, the sustainable development ability is weak. According to the conclusions of the study, this paper has feasible suggestions put forward specific optimization system The emergy investment structure, increase investment value, improve the efficiency of agricultural ecological system; optimization of emergy output structure, continue to accelerate the industry, product structure adjustment and transformation and upgrading; increase investment in agricultural science and technology, improve the utilization efficiency of natural resources, increase agricultural economic competitiveness; improve the level of the agricultural products processing, increase the income of farmers and the agricultural economic input sources; the protection of natural resources, strengthen the construction of ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of agricultural ecological system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.22

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